Chapter 23

Which statement best describes the post-World War I American attitude toward businessmen? A. Business values saturated American culture. B. Americans considered corporate leaders to be "robber barons" C. There was a growing hostility to the growth of the "military-industrial complex." D. Postwar America held businessmen in contempt as war profiteers. E. Most Americans blamed corporate America for the post-war depression.

A. Business values saturated American culture.

What happened to mass culture (magazines, books, radio, and movies) in the 1920s? A. It became increasingly standardized as the same amusements were available in all parts of the country. B. It retained regional favor in the South, New England, the Southwest, and other areas with strong cultural traditions. C. It was available only to the middle class, who could afford it. D. It became less important as Americans placed renewed emphasis on individualism. E. It was strongly influenced by the radical, bohemian art world.

A. It became increasingly standardized as the same amusements were available in all parts of the country.

As feminists faced some backlash in the 1920s, what strategies did they try instead? A. Some looked to cooperate internationally on behalf of women's rights. B. They supported Mexican women in their successful bid for suffrage. C. They took up the fight against Prohibition. D. They became involved with labor unions, advocating for new laws to aid women workers. E. All of these choices

A. Some looked to cooperate internationally on behalf of women's rights.

What is the stereotype of the Jazz Age "flapper"? A. a sophisticated, pleasure-mad young woman. B. an idealized woman on a moral pedestal. C. the "spiritual sister" of the suffragist who embraced feminist political action. D. the product of publicists and advertising agencies. E. the evangelical Christian woman who followed the teachings of Billy Sunday.

A. a sophisticated, pleasure-mad young woman.

In 1928 many Americans feared that if Al Smith were elected he would A. answer to the pope. B. enforce prohibition. C. too much away to the socialists. D. have a "kitchen cabinet" made up of women advisers. E. make Christianity America's official religion.

A. answer to the pope.

What did Marcus Garvey, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, advocate? A. blacks should return to Africa. B. blacks should return to the rural South because northern migration had led only to the ghetto. C. blacks should integrate into white society. D. blacks should focus on the acquisition of practical skills while temporarily accepting second-class status. E. blacks should exercise political power by voting.

A. blacks should return to Africa.

The term "welfare capitalism" refers to A. corporations providing employee benefits in the hope of preventing the establishment of unions. B. the high rate of unemployment in the 1920s, when many people had to go on welfare. C. the trade-union philosophy that the welfare of the workers should be the first concern of capitalism. D. the federal government providing massive subsidies to select government contractors. E. the creation of Social Security and Medicare in the 1930s.

A. corporations providing employee benefits in the hope of preventing the establishment of unions.

The teaching of this subject in public schools was the key issue in the Scopes Trial. A. evolution. B. sex education C. creationism. D. racial equality. E. biology.

A. evolution.

In the 1920s American business activities abroad A. increased as American built foreign production facilities and acquired foreign sources of raw materials. B. decreased as investment opportunities in United States production grew. C. were outlawed in order to keep the American dollar at home. D. decreased, particularly in Latin America, because foreign governments began tonationalize their industries. E. ended, as a worldwide depression began.

A. increased as American built foreign production facilities and acquired foreign sources of raw materials.

The Harlem Renaissance A. led book publishers and magazine editors to court black writers. B. sparked a racist backlash against the celebration of black culture and artists. C. triggered new scholarships for African Americans to pursue the arts. D. led young whites to reject black culture for its spiritual and "primitive" qualities. E. All of these choices

A. led book publishers and magazine editors to court black writers.

What was the major trend affecting business and industry in America in the 1920s? A. the vanishing of small companies through mergers and consolidations. B the rise of unions and worker protest. C. the shift to a producer economy. D. increasing tax rates. E. the collapse of consumer credit.

A. the vanishing of small companies through mergers and consolidations.

Which sector of the economy did not prosper in the 1920s? A. Manufacturing B. Agriculture C. The "service" sector D. Financial services E. New consumer goods

B. Agriculture

What increasingly characterized commerce in the 1920s? A. "Mom and pop" businesses drove the economy. B. Chain-stores competed with independent businesses. C. Workers and consumers established cooperative. D. The number of women-owned businesses increased as women took more control over consumerism. E. None of these choices

B. Chain-stores competed with independent businesses.

What happened in the 1920s Teapot Dome Scandal? A. President Herbert Hoover was caught having an affair with one of the secretaries in the White House. B. Interior Secretary Albert Fall received bribes to lease naval oil reserves to two private companies. C. Secretary of the Treasury William Clinton invested federal funds in the Whitewater land deal. D. President Calvin Coolidge used federal funds to buy his wife a fancy tea serving set. E. Vice President Davis was accused of lying under oath about his investments in Mexico.

B. Interior Secretary Albert Fall received bribes to lease naval oil reserves to two private companies.

How did mass culture in the 1920s thwart full gender equality? A. It enabled opponents of feminism to launch widespread advertising campaigns. B. It encouraged women to equate freedom with choosing the glamorous fashions and styles found in advertisements and magazines. C. It provided fun, affordable entertainment that distracted women from pursuing the educational opportunities that would lead to equality. D. It celebrated marriage as the source of true happiness and potential equality. E. All of these choices

B. It encouraged women to equate freedom with choosing the glamorous fashions and styles found in advertisements and magazines.

Which of the following is true concerning the use of electricity by the mid-1920s? A. Most Americans resisted "new-fangled" appliances. B. It was becoming more common as 60 percent of new homes were wired for electricity. C. It was nearly universal in the United States. D. It was mainly used in factory production. E. It was mostly found on farms, where mechanization was needed first.

B. It was becoming more common as 60 percent of new homes were wired for electricity.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects trends during the 1920s regarding women in the work force? A. With their new feeling of "liberation" gained during World War I, women made gigantic inroads into previously all-male professions. B. Most college women entered such traditionally "female" professions as nursing, school teaching, and librarianship. C. The proportion of working women who were single rose by about 30%, as single women came to dominate teaching at the university level. D. The number of women in the workforce declined. E. The number of women physicians soared.

B. Most college women entered such traditionally "female" professions as nursing, school teaching, and librarianship.

Why is Aimee Semple McPherson significant? A. She confronted the American Civil Liberties Union in a conflict over the theory of evolution. B. The popularity of her theatrical sermons illustrated the impact of fundamentalism on American society. C. Her promotion of the Social Gospel popularized social service. D. Her financial support enabled Marcus Garvey to found the Universal Negro Improvement Association. E. She was the author of This Side of Paradise.

B. The popularity of her theatrical sermons illustrated the impact of fundamentalism on American society.

The case of Babe Ruth illustrates the power of publicity in the 1920s celebrity culture because A. he used his status as a professional ballplayer to raise awareness about his charitable work. B. in private he was a womanizing racist, but in the public eye, his 60 home runs in one year made him a hero. C. he was celebrated as the first black player in the major leagues. D. his trade to the New York Yankees was elevated to a public rivalry between Boston and New York. E. his victory over cancer was trumpeted when he led the Red Sox to victory.

B. in private he was a womanizing racist, but in the public eye, his 60 home runs in one year made him a hero.

In the 1920s, city women found housework was A. easier for middle-class housewives because they were able to hire immigrant women and farm girls for household help. B. reduced in terms of hours and sheer physical effort thanks to electrification, store-bought clothing, and purchased food. C. "socialized" through cooperative apartments, commercial laundries, and other collective forms of housework. D. increased because industrialization and crowded urban conditions made homes dirtier. E. simpler because air conditioning and electric heat made homes cleaner.

B. reduced in terms of hours and sheer physical effort thanks to electrification, store-bought clothing, and purchased food.

What did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff and Smoot-Hawley Tariff demonstrate about U.S. trade policy from 1920 to 1930? A. the United States was committed to laissez-faire economics. B. the United States was willing to raise tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers. C. the United States wanted to maintain lower tariffs. D. the concept free trade would never be abandoned. E. the nation had completely abandoned the principles of free trade.

B. the United States was willing to raise tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers.

Which of the following examples reveals the nativism in the United States in the 1920s? A. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed as much for their ethnic origins as their crimes. B. President Harding issued an executive order limiting the number of non-British immigrants. C. Congress passed a law in 1924 that strictly limited immigration. D. White Citizen Councils increased in membership by stressing anti-black and anti-foreigner messages. E. President Calvin Coolidge publicly supported the lynching of immigrants in certain circumstances.

C. Congress passed a law in 1924 that strictly limited immigration.

What was the social philosophy of Herbert Hoover, as expounded in his book American Individualism? A. Big business was the answer to America's problems. B. He saw unfettered competition as the life force of capitalism. C. He advocated a cooperative, socially responsible economic order shaped by the voluntary action of capitalist leaders. D. He supported direct government intervention in the economy. E. He argued in favor of higher wages and higher personal income taxes.

C. He advocated a cooperative, socially responsible economic order shaped by the voluntary action of capitalist leaders.

Which of the following writers is not correctly identified with one on his/her books? A. F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise B. Sinclair Lewis, Main Street C. Henry Mencken, The Sun Also Rises D. Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms E. They are all correctly identified.

C. Henry Mencken, The Sun Also Rises

Which of these was the country's first radio network? A. ABC B. CBS C. NBC D. PBS E. FOX

C. NBC

Which of the following statements concerning the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s is not true? A. The Klan was made up of ordinary Americans. B. The Klan targeted blacks, Catholics, Jews and women violating sexual taboos. C. The Klan dropped the elaborate rituals, titles, and costumes of the Reconstruction era in order to attract a mass membership. D. Estimates of Klan membership in the 1920s range as high as 5 million Americans. E. It promised to restore the nation's lost racial, ethnic, religious, and moral purity.

C. The Klan dropped the elaborate rituals, titles, and costumes of the Reconstruction era in order to attract a mass membership.

In the early 1920s religious fundamentalists focused especially on which of the following issues? A. Eradicating slum conditions in cities B. The sexual revolution C. The theory of evolution D. Equal rights for women E. Restricting the immigration of Catholics and Jews

C. The theory of evolution

Which of the following is not true about jazz music in the 1920s? A. It was an innovative, truly American music form that captured the modernist spirit. B. It spread quickly via live performances, radio and recordings. C. To increase jazz's popularity, black musicians famously watered down standard tunes for a mass audience. D. Black musicians preserved authentic jazz and explored its full potential. E. It was embraced by black and white musicians, who helped popularize jazz.

C. To increase jazz's popularity, black musicians famously watered down standard tunes for a mass audience.

Which of the following statements concerning women in the work force in the 1920s is true? A. Women workers swelled the union movement. B. Women found increased job opportunities on assembly lines. C. Women mostly received low-paying, unskilled jobs. D. Women workers declined in number and power as women returned home and let their husbands resume their careers. E. Women workers increased proportionally so that almost half of women were working outside the home.

C. Women mostly received low-paying, unskilled jobs.

During the 1920s, American foreign policy toward Europe was characterized by A. a willingness to forgive the World War I debts owed to the U.S. government by former allies. B. a desire to lead the League of Nations. C. by independent internationalism with an occasional willingness to enter into arms control treaties. D. a commitment to the World Court. E. complete isolation from other countries.

C. by independent internationalism with an occasional willingness to enter into arms control treaties.

As the economy changed in the early 20th century, Henry Ford led the way with new policies that other corporations would soon follow, most notably A. pioneering a style of management that delegated corporate decisions to professionals in specialized divisions. B. instituting worker-management teams to share decision making about production. C. paying his workers higher wages to encourage consumerism. D. breaking labor unions and replaced them with industry "worker associations." E. paying his workers low wages to increase the profit margin.

C. paying his workers higher wages to encourage consumerism.

While writers such as Ernest Hemingway and Sinclair Lewis criticized what they saw as American hypocrisy in the 1920s, the truth was A. that they hated American culture and the changes they saw. B. they thought the country was beyond reform. C. they were diehard Americans at heart who wanted to create a more authentic culture. D. they were bitter about the impact of mass printing on sales of their books. E. All of these choices

C. they were diehard Americans at heart who wanted to create a more authentic culture.

Which of these is not a reflection of the changes brought by the 1920' "sexual revolution"? A. New dances and greater erotic freedom. B. A shift from formal courting to the new custom of casual dating. C. Young people experimenting sexually without contemplating marriage. D. A surge in pornographic lyrics in popular music. E. Female sexuality becoming more openly acknowledged.

D. A surge in pornographic lyrics in popular music.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that Prohibition failed? A. Organized crime provided a ready supply of liquor. B. It proved impossible to enforce rules since a significant portion of the population disagreed with the law. C. The Volstead Act was underfunded. D. It included heavy penalties and jail time that most people thought went too far. E. Some states repealed their anti-drinking laws within a few years of the Volstead Act.

D. It included heavy penalties and jail time that most people thought went too far.

The 1924 National Origins Act was designed to A. increase the number of immigrants coming from Eastern Europe. B. increase the number of immigrants coming from Asia. C. increase the number of immigrants coming from South America. D. decrease the number of immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe. E. decrease the number of immigrants coming from England.

D. decrease the number of immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that the union movement weakened in the 1920s? A. Overall wage rates rose steadily in the 1920s. B. The older craft-based pattern of union organization was ill suited to the new mass-production industries. C. Management was hostile to labor organizing. D. Opponents smeared unions by labeling them "communist" E. Inequities and regional variations in wages were eliminated through the Federal Fair Wages Act.

E. Inequities and regional variations in wages were eliminated through the Federal Fair Wages Act.

Which of the following was not one of the ways that the automobile affected American life? A. It gave young people freedom from parental oversight. B. It broke down the isolation of rural life. C. It let more prosperous Americans move out to the suburbs. D. It increased mobility but came with new annoyances. E. It reinforced stereotypes of feminine delicacy.

E. It reinforced stereotypes of feminine delicacy.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the automobile in the 1920s? A. It was still just a plaything of the rich. B. It lost much of its potential market as people turned to the new forms of mass transit available. C. It was produced mostly for the overseas market since Americans could not afford the high-priced American models. D. It became common in most American socioeconomic groups, as cheap Japanese models flooded the market. E. It saw a big increase in popularity, with the number of vehicle registrations jumping dramatically.

E. It saw a big increase in popularity, with the number of vehicle registrations jumping dramatically.

Which of the following statements concerning the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s is not true? A. It witnessed the flowering of black culture, particularly among writers. B. It depended on white patronage. C. It had little contact with the black masses. D. It ended with the onset of the Great Depression, but stands as a monument to African-American cultural creativity. E. It showcased the talents of Paul Robeson and Chuck Barry.

E. It showcased the talents of Paul Robeson and Chuck Barry.

Which of the following statements concerning the equal rights amendment advocated by Alice Paul and the National Woman's party is true? A. It unified the feminist movement in the 1920s, which had become splintered after women won the vote. B. It attracted the support of young women, who looked up to the feminists for their civic idealism. C. It was supported by an alliance of professional women and labor activists. D. It turned out to be the deciding issue in the 1928 presidential election. E. It was opposed by other women reformers who worried that it would jeopardize laws protecting female workers.

E. It was opposed by other women reformers who worried that it would jeopardize laws protecting female workers.

At the Washington Naval Arms Conference the major naval powers agreed that for ten years they would halt the construction of A. nuclear weapons. B. submarines. C. aircraft carriers. D. destroyers. E. battleships.

E. battleships.