Chapter 24

The release of feces from the large intestine is dependent on: 1. Stretching of the rectal walls 2. Voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter 3. Involuntary contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles 4. Activity of the intestinal bacteria 5. Sympathetic stimulation of the internal sphincter 2, 4, and 5 1, 2, and 5 1, 2, 3, and 5 1 and 2 3, 4, and 5

1 and 2

Which of the following are true? 1. Segmentations in the small intestine help propel chyme through the intestinal tract. 2. The migrating motility complex is a type of peristalsis in the small intestine. 3. The large surface area for absorption in the small intestine is due to the presence of circular folds, villi, and microvilli. 4. The mucus-producing cells of the small intestine are paneth cells. 5. Most long-chain fatty acid and monoglyceride absorption in the small intestine requires the presence of bile salts. 1, 2, and 3 2, 3, and 5 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 1, 3, and 5 1, 2, 3, and 5

1, 2, 3, and 5

Which of the following are true concerning the peritoneum? 1. The kidneys and pancreas are retroperitoneal. 2. The greater omentum is the largest of the peritoneal folds. 3. The lesser omentum binds the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall. 4. The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. 5. The mesentery is associated with the jejunum and ileum. 1, 2, 3, and 5 1, 2, and 5 2 and 5 1, 2, 4, and 5 3, 4, and 5

1, 2, 4, and 5

Which of the following are functions of the liver? 1. Carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism 2. Nucleic acid metabolism 3. Excretion of bilirubin 4. Synthesis of bile salts 5. Activation of vitamin D 1, 2, 3, and 5 1, 2, 3, and 4 1, 3, 4, and 5 2, 3, 4, and 5 1, 2, 4, and 5

1, 3, 4, and 5

Which of the following statements regarding the regulation of gastric secretion and motility are true? 1. The sight, smell, taste, or thought of food can initiate the cephalic phase of gastric activity. 2. The gastric phase begins when food enters the small intestine. 3. Once activated, stretch receptors and chemoreceptors in the stomach trigger the flow of gastric juice and peristalsis. 4. The intestinal phase reflexes inhibit gastric activity. 5. The enterogastric reflex stimulates gastric emptying. 1, 3, and 4 2, 4, and 5 1, 3, 4, and 5 1, 2, and 5 1, 2, 3, and 4

1, 3, 4, and 5

When a surgeon makes an incision in the small intestine, in what order would the physician encounter these structures? 1. Epithelium 2. Submucosa 3. Serosa 4. Muscularis 5. Lamina propria 6. Muscularis mucosae 3, 4, 5, 6, 2, 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5 1, 5, 6, 2, 4, 3 5, 1, 2, 6, 4, 3 3, 4, 2, 6, 5, 1

3, 4, 2, 6, 5, 1

The mechanisms of absorption of materials in the small intestine include all of the following except: Active transport Endocytosis Facilitated diffusion Simple diffusion

Endocytosis

The gallbladder contains acini that release juices containing several digestive enzymes for protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid digestion and sodium bicarbonate to buffer stomach acid. True False

False

When carbohydrates are digested, the end products are: Fatty acid chains Amino acids Nucleotides Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides

Which of the following are mismatched? Chemical digestion: splitting food molecules into simple substances by hydrolysis with the assistance of digestive enzymes Motility: mechanical processes that break apart ingested food into small molecules Ingestion: taking foods and liquids into the mouth Propulsion: movement of food through GI tract due to smooth muscle contraction Absorption: passage into blood or lymph of ions, fluids and small molecules via the epithelial lining of the GI tract lumen

Motility: mechanical processes that break apart ingested food into small molecules

HCl is secreted in the stomach by: Enteroendocrine cells Chief cells Parietal cells G cells

Parietal cells

The main functions of this organ are churning, peristalsis, storage, and chemical digestion with the enzyme pepsin: Mouth Pancreas Stomach Small intestine

Small intestine

Cholecystokinin (CCK) performs all of the following functions during the digestive processes except: Stimulates the release of saliva Contracts the wall of the gallbladder Relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter Slows gastric emptying

Stimulates the release of saliva

Which of the following is not true concerning the liver? The left hepatic duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder. As blood passes through the sinusoids, it is processed by hepatocytes and phagocytes. Processed blood returns from the liver to systemic circulation through the hepatic vein. The liver receives oxygenated blood through the hepatic artery. The hepatic portal vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the liver.

The left hepatic duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder.

The coordinated contractions and relaxations of the muscularis, which propels materials through the GI tract, is known as peristalsis. True False

True

The major function of the villi in the small intestine is to increase the available surface area for the absorption of nutrients. True False

True

The soft palate, uvula, and epiglottis prevent swallowed foods and liquids from entering the respiratory passages. True False

True

Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase in the small intestine. True False

True