Chapter 24 MC Quiz - World Civilizations II

The China Merchants Steam Navigation Company was example of new ____ enterprises aimed at "strengthening" China's economy

"government sponsored-merchant operated"

Much of Ito's Constitution aimed at preserving traditions of Japan's Confucian society, chief among them concept of kokutai, or ______

"national polity"

Two major political parties rose to prominence in Japan: Kenseito, or Liberal, Party, and more powerful Seiyukai, or _________

Constitutional Government Party

Which of following was not one of Qing reforms put into place following Boxer Protocol of 1901?

foreign interests were put in charge of China's military defense

Efforts by British envoys to establish a British diplomatic mission in Qing China met with complete failure ______

in 1793 & 1816

Which of the following was not a Meiji regime economic reform?

keep tight regulatory controls over Japanese private enterprise

Another policy imposed by British was that of ______, loss by a country of its right to set its own tariffs

non-tariff autonomy

By end of eighteenth century, illegal trade in _________, or "foreign mud," constituted most profitable import commodity in China

opium

An old Chinese wisdom states that "a woman with talent is _________"

without virtue

In addition to creating industrial base and constitutional government, Meiji Japan's rulers also attempted to curb practices in Japan as part of its program of ________

"civilization and enlightenment"

_________was term used by Japanese to refer to Western ships arriving on Japanese waters as early as 16th century

"Black Ships"

After forced suicide of Taiping leader Hong Xiuquan and end of his movement in 1864, Chinese leaders began to move toward a reform strategy of what a later slogan called

"Chinese studies for the essence; Western studies for practical application"

New Emperor Mutsuhito's Japan sought to make good on its promise and took on name of Meiji, meaning _________

"Enlightened Rule"

movement's slogan, sonno joi, meant

"Honor the emperor, expel the barbarian!"

In aftermath of losing the war, a group of young Chinese officials pushed for series of widespread reforms in what became known as _________

"Hundred Days' Reform"

In 1899, at behest of United States Secretary of State John Hay, European powers persuaded to maintain an _______ policy for all to trade with China

"Open Door"

The infamous _________ referred to recruitment of and trafficking in coolies

"coolie trade"

More importantly, severity of provisions signaled to Westerners in East Asia that China was weak enough for massive economic/territorial demands & led to a ______

"race for concessions"

The French defeat of Chinese, led to establishment of a French colonial territory which combined whole of Vietnam with _________ & Laos to form French Indo-China

Cambodia

movement's new regime moved to Tokugawa capital of _________ & renamed it Tokyo

Edo

A newly created Chinese board, Zongli Yamen, was to handle Qing foreign relations although Chinese were not encouraged to set up embassies abroad

False

China remained patriarchal society with family being nation's most important institution & father as most powerful figure following strongly hierarchical Confucian model

False

While borrowing heavily from United States & British models, Ito Hirobumi's Constitution drew most heavily from that of _________

Germany

movement to bring about _________(taiping tianguo) on earth became known as Taiping Rebellion; headed by former Confucian follower Hong Xiuquan

Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace

The Treaty of _________ between Commodore Matthew C. Perry of United States & Tokugawa shogunate in 1854 was Japan's first with an outside power

Kangawa

The Treaty of _________, which put an end to first of Opium Wars, marked first of century's "unequal treaties"

Nanjing

In Crimean War

Ottoman Empire, France, & Great Britain allied against Russia

The Taiping Rebellion led to formation of a society based on

Protestant Christian theology, Chinese traditions & overall vision of equality between men & women

_______, despite enormous animosity & distrust aimed against them, played key role of catalysts in transfer of Western scientific advances to ordinary Chinese, especially in Medicine

Protestant ministries

Tensions between China and Japan over their respective interets in Korea's court, ultimately led to all-out war with Japan in _________War

Sino-Japanese

Boxer Rebellion came about as a result of anti-Qing & anti-foreign plots of a group known as _________, AKA "Boxers"

Society of the Harmonious Fists

The novel _________, written by Cao Xueqin, is considered to be greatest literary masterpiece of the Qing Era

The Dream of the Red Chamber

Which following factor did NOT shape Japan's pursuit of an overseas empire?

Tokugawa shogunate's desire for contact with Western culture

Despite great strides made in field of education, bulk of nation's efforts went into practical application of science to support government's modernization efforts

True

Following Commodore Perry's visit and given Japan's fears of what China went through, country was quick to start playing catch-up by studying & emulating Western countries

True

One of major internal problems China faced dealt with military was made up of different military units armed with non-interchangeable weapons & ammunition

True

Opponents of this reform strategy, including Empress Dowager Cixi, feared that any and all reforms advocated by Li and Zeng would ultimately bring down China's Confucian society

True

As result of Empress Dowager having openly lent support to Boxers' movement through secret negotiations & having declared war on all foreign powers in China, _______

civil war broke out across Northern China

The century and a half from 1750 to 1900 marked the structural, cultural and economic decline of great ________

agrarian empires

After war, winning Japanese side forced China into a series of humiliating provisions including all but one of following

annexation of Macau

In realm of artistic creativity, more traditional Japanese art forms, survived but with updated kabuki variations reflecting _________

contemporary themes

In later treaties signed by China with France and United States, an important addition was most-favored nation clause, which stated that

any new concessions granted to one country automatically reverted to those who by treaty were "most-favored nations."

In several instances, foreigners worked closely with Chinese to help them _________, lay foundations of modern industrial concerns & start programs that signaled change

assess ways to improve their defenses

By end of 19th century, Japan's economy had developed a number of successful zaibatsu or ________ in order to control an industry

cartels

As was case a decade later in China, Japanese intellectuals _________ works of Western Enlightenment, philosophical, & social science works in translation

eagerly absorbed

British imposed policy of ______, or immunity of a country's nationals from laws of their host country, on newly open ports in China

extraterritoriality

Beginning in Fall 1839, hostilities between China & Great Britain exposed growing gap between military capabilities of Western nations & China, whose armed forces had ______

fallen into disuse

While form of interlocking "three excellences," _______ remained largely unchanged during Qing Era, their content increasingly reflected China's new position in Age of Imperialism

painting, poetry, & calligraphy

Among Mutsuhito's reforms did NOT include

rejection of all foreign technologies & institutions

In order to stem tide of Western encroachment and influence, a growing number of Chinese officials advocated a policy of _________

self-strengthening

word Tanzimat refers to

series of reforms inspired by Western European constutional nationalism

As part of this new program, this socio-cultural change was NOT initially mandated by government

stricter formal class barriers were put in place between peasants & samurai

While Western powers wished for Qing China to become more stable trade and diplomatic partner, Chinese primarily concerned with ____

suppressing both Taipings and spread of opium

The treaty ending Boxer Rebellion saw Qing power in China totally defeated and forced to accept the most severe "unequal" demands to date, NOT including this one:

that German be made official diplomatic language of China

A backlash against foreign presence in Japan led to creation of anti-foreigner movement aimed at driving out Tokugawa & _______ had coalesced around samurai

unity & peace