Chapter 24 practice questions
It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.
t
During ketosis caused by inadequate ingestion of carbohydrates, _
the glycogen content of the liver is reduced
Glycogen is formed in the liver during the __
absorptive state
What is the primary function of the overall reactions of cellular respiration?
to regenerate ATP
Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is __
transferred to a keto acid
Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?
ATP
Which nutrient molecule cannot be used in the oxidative pathways of cellular respiration?
Cholesterol
The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids equals the amount excreted in urine.
F
The major role of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is to store energy in the form of fat.
F
The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat.
F
The primary function of dietary protein is energy production within cells
F
The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.
F
There are no nutritionally complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a nutritionally complete protein.
F
Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.
F
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the "reduced" reactant ________.
Gains electrons
is the primary hormonal regulator of the postabsorptive state.
Glucagon
Which of the following pathways is incorrectly matched with a description?
Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures
Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ___
Glucose is formed from non- carbohydrates molecules
Part complete Which of the following does NOT occur in the mitochondria
Glycolysis
Red blood cells lack mitochondria. As a result, ATP production is solely through ________.
Glycolysis
Which of the following provides a good source of complex carbohydrates?
Grains
Catabolism of food molecules involves ____
Hydrolysis reactions
Why is external respiration (breathing) necessary for cellular respiration?
Inhaled oxygen is necessary for receiving electrons and hydrogen ions from the electron transport chain.
While traveling abroad in Africa you observe a large number of people with goiter (enlarged thyroid). Which mineral deficiency could be responsible for this?
Iodine
Which of the following is NOT true of beta oxidatio
It involves the anabolism of fats.
The hyperglycemia that occurs during uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is accompanied by
Ketosis occurs as fats are broken down for energy
Part complete The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________.
Lipolysis
Select the correct statement about proteins.
Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested.
The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing.
T
Triglycerides and cholesterol do NOT circulate freely in the bloodstream.
T
Which type of food molecule provides components for cellular structures like plasma membranes, myelin sheaths, and steroid hormones?
T
Pernicious anemia is most common in older people. Which choice lists the correct relationships among the factors that cause this disorder?
The reduced secretion of intrinsic factor means that vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, and macrocytes are produced instead of erythrocytes.
In India, rice is a large part of the diet. Lack of which vitamin in rice would lead to higher levels of blindness in this population?
Vitamin A
Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin B
If cyanide entered cells, the result would be ______.
a net gain of only 4 ATP molecules produced from each glucose molecule
Catabolism would be best described as a process that
breaks down complex structures to simpler ones
Which type of nutrient functions primarily as an energy source for cells?
carbohydrates
Which of the following nutrients is NOT matched with one of its functions in the body?
carbohydrates: can serve as hormones
Lipogenesis occurs when
cellular ATP and glucose levels are high
Which of the following is NOT an end product of the citric acid cycle?
citric acid
Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________.
conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
Which of the choices below is NOT a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body?
conversion to a nucleic acid
The goal of cellular respiration is to _______.
convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules
Which hormone promotes protein catabolism?
cortisol
Which of the following food groups are considered good sources of complete proteins?
eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish
Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?
glycogenesis
Which of the following does NOT occur in the mitochondria
glycogenolysis
An effective way to treat galactosemia would be to stop ingesting galactose and
lactose
Which of the following is not catabolic?
lipogenesis
Oxidative deamination takes place in the _____
liver
What is the outcome of ketosis?
metabolic acidosis
The citric acid cycle occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process.
mitochondria, aerobic
It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because
most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients
At the conclusion of glycolysis, most of glucose's chemical energy is found in the ________.
pyruvic acid molecules
High levels of HDLs are considered good
T
The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.
T
Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state?
Anabolic processes exceed catabolic
refers to reactions in which small molecules are combined to build larger molecules
Anabolism
A growing child is likely to exhibit negative nitrogen balance.
F
Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.
F
Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.
F
Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.
F
Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.
F
Glycogen accounts for 80-85% of stored energy in the body.
F
Most of the ATP synthesized during cellular respiration is the result of substrate level phosphorylation.
F
Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are described as anabolic.
F
Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance?
Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis.
Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.
T
For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.
T
Ghrelin, produced by the stomach, is a powerful appetite stimulant.
T
Glucose sparing refers to the use of noncarbohydrate fuel molecules in the post absorptive state.
T
Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.
T
Glycogenesis occurs when ATP levels are high and glucose is abundant.
T
In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.
T
Peptides called NPY (neuropeptide Y) and AgRP (agouti-related peptides) are powerful appetite enhancers.
T
Short-term regulation of food intake involves neural signals from stretch receptors in the GI tract.
T
The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by their age, size, metabolic rate, and the need to build new proteins.
T
The most abundant dietary lipids are ________.
Triglycerides
Which of the choices below is NOT a source of blood glucose during the postabsorptive state?
absorption of glucose from the GI tract
In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state.
ammonia
redox reaction
are characterized by one substance's gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron
Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized?
fats
When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of __
fatty acids
Although both conditions share the common characteristic of elevated body temperature, hyperthermia is technically different from fever because
fever is a condition in which there is a change in the body's temperature set-point
Which of these processes is associated with the postabsorptive state?
gluconeogenesis in the liver
In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose.
glycerol
Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)?
glycolysis, citric acid (Krebs) cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation
Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state?
insulin
Sometimes a medical condition is visible to the naked eye even if it does not involve the skin. A lack of the mineral ______ can cause ______, which is such a disorder.
iodine; a goiter
Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all of the following EXCEPT _
iron and selenium
Cholesterol, though it is NOT an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it _
is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones
In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following EXCEPT _
production of energy
Which of the following statements best describes complete protein?
must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth
Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?
oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?
oxidative phosphorylation: net loss of ATP
What process primes a molecule to change in a way that increases its activity, produces motion, or does work?
phosphorylation
The term metabolism is best defined as __
the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body
When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly
urea
Which of the following is not an essential role of the liver?
urea disposal
Ammonia, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism, is converted to __________ primarily in the __________.
urea; liver
