Chapter 2.5: Architecture

Twenty-first-century architecture is faced by what urgent challenge(s)?

Urgent Architectural Challenge limited resources energy conservation

What are the main construction methods used in each of these historical buildings?

Dome-Sun light circle at very top and other dome with a bunch of little windows at top. Barrel Vault-white hallway with pillars. Pointed arch-cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris

Which, if any, of the following factors influence all architectural designs?

Influence on All Architectural Design engineering location materials

The Humana Building in Louisville, Kentucky, is a great example of Postmodernism. What influences and references from other architectural styles can be seen in this building by Michael Graves?

Influenced By Baroque Modernism Classical

Which of these buildings is constructed in the International Style of Modernism?

International Style both white buildings building made of glass

The International Style of Modernist architecture is characterized by what attribute(s)?

International Style geometric visual organization universal aesthetic rational design

Elements of which Classical orders are most obviously visible in the architecture of each of these buildings?

Ionic Corinthian Doric Corinthian Ionic

Throughout the European Middle Ages, churches were a focal point of their communities. But which of the following features of medieval churches are characteristic of which architectural style?

Romanesque Style small, clear windows barrel vaults semicircular arches thick, heavy walls

The Pont du Gard in southern France is an example of what form of ancient Roman structure?

aqueduct

What does the architecture of the buildings in these two photographs have in common, if anything?

both are reflections of their community.

The ancient _____ built this structure, known as the _____, in around ______bce. The entranceway of this construction features an enormous ________,above which is a fine example of a(n) _____.

myceneans treasury of atreus 1250 lintel corbeled arch

Beginning with the earliest first, in what order were these different types of structure built?

pyramid column orange church with dome b/w building white geometric building new york circular building

Which, if any, of the following options is characteristic of stone as a building material?

strong in compression, but weak in tension

What is this building?

the Church of Hagia Sophia the largest cathedral interior in the world, sixth-sixteenth century CE

To which Classical order of architecture does each of these columns belong?

Corinthian-small leave decor (not supporting anything Doric- square corners Ionic-volute scolls

Steel-frame construction resulted in what significant architectural innovation(s)?

Effect of Steel Framing flexible interior spaces unconventional facing materials

What are some of the qualities of cast-iron architecture that made it popular in the nineteenth century?

Cast-Iron Quality can be shaped into complex forms. cheap and plentiful

Which of these buildings, if any, is a central-plan church?

Central Plan the circular buildings, not the one with red roof.

Which, if any, of the following are characteristic features of Mughal Indian and Islamic Persian architecture?

Characteristic Feature pointed domes intricate decorative inlays slender freestanding towers

Which, if any, of these important architectural structures are particularly characteristic of ancient Roman buildings?

Characteristic of Roman Architecture hemispherical dome round arch barrel vault

What is the meaning of each of the following architectural terms?

Pendentive-curving triangular surface that links a dome to a square space below. Volute-scroll-like form characteristic of Ionic columns. Clerestory-upper part of a wall, containing a row of windows to admit light into a building. Cantilever-projection jutting out from a wall to support the weight of an object or structure. Hypostyle-large interior space created by using numerous columns to support a flat ceiling.

Which of these structures are examples of straightforward post-and-lintel construction?

Post-and-Lintel Construction Stonehenge in England Acropolis of Athens Minoan palace complex of Knossos on Crete

Which, if any, of the following factors significantly influenced the design of these buildings?

Significant Influence history culture environment

Which of these churches was built in the Romanesque style?

Romanesque Church outside pic of castle looking building w/ black roof. blue round building people are standing outside looking at. inside white hallway domed cieling

Which, if any, of these buildings is an example of shell architecture?

Shell Architecture Sydney Opera House Guggenheim Museum in New York

This pagoda and temple hall in the grounds of the Buddhist Horyu-ji complex in Japan are two of the oldest wooden buildings in the world. To the nearest 100 years, how old are they?

1400

What decade saw the beginnings of a new approach to architecture, which combined the hard, pure rectangles of Modernism with unusual materials and with features of styles from the past?

1980

Which, if any, of the following are characteristic features of North American Stick Style buildings?

Characteristic of Stick Style balloon framing asymmetry steep roofs

Which, if any, of these architectural projects have the concept of sustainability as a core principle of their design?

Sustainable only the house with the orange pillows and chairs outside

Where are each of these architectural features to be found in a typical Gothic church?

front rectangle- narthex center main body- nave ends of center main body-aisle above the nave-crossing

The main building of the Taj Mahal is constructed of white marble. Which other material was used to make the foundation-support structure?

ebony and sal

Twenty-first-century architecture is faced by what urgent challenge(s)?

energy conservation limited resources

Renaissance architects particularly sought to design works that used intricate, organic, and asymmetrical shapes.

false

This building is kinetic.

true

The ancient Egyptian Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak includes which of the following architectural features?

a post-and-lintel construction a hypostyle hall a colonnade

Which, if any, of these ancient buildings are examples of basic load-bearing constructions?

Basic Load-Bearing Construction pyramid the square building with long stairway

What architectural features are displayed in the design of this eighteenth-century building?

Featured dome pediment cornice portico

Thoughtful architectural design should reflect a building's function and its role within the surrounding community. Which, if any, of these buildings was designed as a gallery or exhibition space?

Gallery or Exhibition Space all of them: Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao The Quadracci Pavilion The Crystal Palace New National Gallery of Germany

What is this building?

a basic load-bearing construction a gateway to the gods a pyramid

The engineering and science of architecture strives to understand the forces, or__________, pushing or pulling the structure of the building. When these forces pull they create______, which lengthens and stretches the materials of the building. When they push they create____________, which can squash and shorten the same materials.

stresses tension compression

The architectural innovations made to the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, near Paris, by the twelfth-century French church leader Abbot Suger were designed to evoke what response in viewers?

that they were bathed in divine light that they were being lifted up to heaven

Why was this building in Cincinnati designed to resemble "a three-dimensional 'jigsaw puzzle' of interlocking solids and voids"?

to allow flexibility of usage to connect the building to its community to give the building a sculptural quality

What is the name of each of the elements that make up this basic method of creating a span?

top is linthel sides are post

Architects often take their inspiration from the world around them. What are the designs of these buildings intended to resemble?

water ones: ship sail skyscraper building: classical column pointy skyscraper: islamic minaret