Chapter 25, Chapter 24. EMT, EMT

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

"How much Tylenol do you take each day?

Inaccurate pulse oximetry reading may be caused by...

-hypovolemia -anemia -severe peripheral vasoconstriction (chronic hypoxia, smoking, or hypothermia) -time delay in detecting respiratory insufficiency -dark or metallic nail polish -dirty fingers -carbon monoxide poisoning

Adequate Breathing

-normal rate-12-20breaths/min -regular pattern on inhale/exhale -clear and equal lung sounds on both sides of the chest -regular and equal chest rise and fall adequate depth (tidal volume)

causes of airway obstruction

-relaxation of the tongue in an unresponsive patient -foreign objects-food, small toys dentures -blood clots, broken teeth, or damaged oral tissue following trauma -airway tissue swelling- infection, allergic reaction -aspirated vomitus

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39 year old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction.as you are assessing her, she pulls out epinephrine auto injector out of her purse and hand it to you. After administering 100% Oxygen you should:

...

Critical time of lack of oxygen

0-1min: cardiac irritability 0-4min: brain damage not likely 4-6min: brain damage possible 6-10min: brain damage very likely Over 10min: irreversible brain damage

the adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers _____mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto injector delivers _______ mg.

0.3,0.15

the effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration

1 minute

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:

1 month

which of the following groups is considered a "toddler"

1-3 years

Nasal cannula flow

1-6 L/min 24%-44% O2 delivered

when administering epinephrine via auto injector, you should hold the injector in place for

10 second

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months

Nonrebreathing mask flow

10-15 L/min up to 90% O2

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:

12 to 20 breaths per minute.

Which age group is most fixated on public image and terrified of being embarrassed

12-18

normal respiratory rate

12-20 breaths/min Adults 15-30 breaths/min children 25-50 breaths/min infants

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:

13

Bag-mask device with reservoir

15 L/min nearly 100%

Mouth to mask device

15 L/min, nearly 55%

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

18%

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years.

THe human body should be functioning at its optimal level in what age group?

19-40 years

What is a normal capillary refill time in a pediatric patient?

2 seconds

When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:

2 seconds

the usual dose for activated charcoal is up to ____ for a pediatric patient and up to ____ for an adult patient.

25g, 50g

most patients who die from anaphylaxis do so within the first _______ following

30 minutes

A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

30%

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

300 mm Hg.

Basic language is usually mastered by what age?

36 months

Increasing cholesterol levels and decreased efficiency of the heart begins to become a concern for which age group?

41-60 years

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to

44%

With the flowmeter set at 6L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to________oxygen

44%

An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:

5 minutes.

What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult?

5.25 L

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi.

For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:

60 and 100 beats/min.

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

70 beats/min.

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

70 to 120 beats/min.

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.

78, 120

The normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:

80 and 120 mg/dL.

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months.

With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.

90

What is the normal pulse rate of a neonate?

90-180 beats/minute

For which of the following patients would capillary refill be a reliable sign of circulatory status?

A 3-year-old child with a fever and cough

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.

Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct?

A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes.

Which of the following is the most reliable means of determining whether a patient has any immediately life-threatening conditions? A systematic approach to

A systematic approach to assessment

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

A) a 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree CORRECT B) a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed C) a 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet D) a 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the:

A) alveoli. B) trachea. CORRECT C) epiglottis. D) bronchioles.

On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device?

A) an 8-year-old female with respiratory failure CORRECT B) a 21-year-old male with traumatic cardiac arrest C) a 38-year-old apneic female with blunt chest trauma D) a 59-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

A) lungs B) larynx C) bronchioles CORRECT D) esophagus

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct?

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55 year old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to

Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient high glow oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

Administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called

Adsorption

Suctioning time limits

Adult 15 seconds Child 10 seconds Infant 5 seconds

ventilation rates

Adult-1 breath per 5 to 6 seconds Child-1 breath per 3 to 5 seconds Infant-1 breath per 3-5 seconds

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

Which of the following indicates a possible circulatory problem?

All of the above

Which of the following is a good indication of an open airway?

All of the above

Which of the following refers to the steps taken to assess and treat any life-threatening problems?

All of the above

Which of the following techniques is used when formulating the general impression?

All of the above

Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following statements regarding the meter-does inhaler is correct

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used

Which of the following patients is a high priority for transport?

An adult male with difficulty breathing

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?

An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

Your patient is a 72-year-old female who has "twisted her ankle" coming down some steps. She is alert and complaining of pain in her right ankle, but she jokes about her "clumsiness." Which of the following should you do next?

Ask if the patient has pain anywhere besides her ankle.

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

A 62 year old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should

Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100

A 37 year old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patients car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of

Asthma

During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked?

At the radial artery

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if

Authorization from medical control has been obtained

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication

Between the skin and the muscle

Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that

Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?

Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age.

Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?

Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light.

During the primary assessment of an unresponsive infant, which pulse should be palpated?

Brachial

Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?

CORRECT A) muscle B) heart C) liver D) kidneys

Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?

CORRECT A) shallow breathing B) increased tidal volume C) respirations of 20 breaths/min D) slight decrease in respiratory rate

Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called

Capsules

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes simvastatin (vytorin) and clopidoherl(plavix). This medication regimen suggests a history of

Cardiovascular disease

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Which of the following BEST describes an EMS provider's "sixth sense"?

Clinical judgment

You are treating a middle aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for for Chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should

Confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and the dose

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

a 49 year old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. the patients wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. this patient is Most likely experiencing

DT's

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epinephrine

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an implanted pacemaker. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

Which of the following statements regarding diabetic coma is correct?

Diabetic coma typically develops over a period of hours or days.

Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?

Does your mother have diabetes?

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?

External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.

Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that:

Facilitates moment through the digestive system

Which of the following is an appropriate method for an EMT to use when attempting to gauge a 6-month-old infant's mental status?

Flick the heel of the infant.

Which of the following is the correct manner for checking for responsiveness in an apparently unresponsive infant?

Flicking the soles of the feet

The _____ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered

Form

Which of the following is completed first during the primary assessment?

Forming a general impression

What medication form does oral glucose come in

Gel

What BEST defines the immediate sense of the patient's degree of distress, formulated from the patient's immediate environment, appearance, and chief complaint?

General impression

Which of the following represents the correct order of assessment for the EMT during the primary assessment from start to end?

General impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority

You are treating a 45 year old woman who was stung by a hornet and ha a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is un labored, and her blood pressure is 154/94mm. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control ?

Give her oxygen,transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct

Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic

Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for:

Glucotrol.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding a patient who has a mental status of less than "awake"?

He is in a state of rapid eye movement sleep.

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?

I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medication via the

Intranasal route

Which of the following medications routes would be the most appropriate to use in an unconscious patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained

Intraosseous (IO)

Which of the following is the most rapidly acting medication administration route?

Intravenous(IV)

Which of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AMI is correct?

It can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest.

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound

What is the function of the left atrium?

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it

May cause harm or have no positive effect

When gathering a patients medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix,Mortion,and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over the counter(OCT)

Motrin

Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?

Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes.

Which of the following is NOT assessed during the "Breathing" phase of the primary assessment?

Obtaining a pulse oximetry reading

Which of the following is NOT performed during the "Airway" phase of the primary assessment?

Obtaining the respiratory rate

Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has been ejected from his vehicle during a high-speed collision. During your general assessment it is discovered that he is not moving, does not appear to have adequate respiration, and has suffered a large amount of external bleeding. Which of the following should be done first?

Open the airway.

You are at the scene where a 19-year-old female college student has been drinking large quantities of alcohol throughout the evening. On your arrival, the patient is lying on her back, has vomited, and has slow, wet sounding respirations. Which of the following should you do next?

Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.

You have arrived on the scene at a high school football field where a 17-year-old male is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and cyanotic, and he is making obvious respiratory effort without moving adequate amounts of air. Which of the following should be done first?

Open the patient's airway using a manual maneuver.

Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption

Oral

Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct?

PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

In _____ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner

Peer-assisted

Shortly after assisting a 65 yet old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

Place her supine and elevate her legs

Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?

Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point

Which of the following is the proper position for maintaining the airway in a child with a decreased level of consciousness?

Placing the head and neck in a neutral position; using a folded towel under the shoulders if necessary

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heat attack because it

Prevents the aggregation of platelets

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

A 31 year old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should

Reassess the patients and document her response to the medication

When given to patients with cardiac related chest pain nitroglycerin

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

Children begin to develop their self-concept and self-esteem during what period of growth?

School age

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Secondary sexual development begins.

Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?

Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

Shock.

After taking Benadryl for an allergic reaction a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of an

Side effect

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the emt

Sublingually

Activated charcoal is an example of

Suspension

In the primary assessment, which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of assessing the patient's circulatory status?

Taking a blood pressure reading

In EMS, which of the following BEST describes the term intervention?

Taking steps to correct a problem

What is the BEST technique to use when assessing an infant's mental status?

Talk to him.

Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?

The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient.

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto injector is correct?

The epinephrine auto injector delivers a preset amount of the drug

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following differences should be expected when assessing a pediatric patient, as compared to the adult patient?

The normal respiratory rate is faster.

Which of the following findings is NOT used to assess an adult's circulation?

The patient's capillary refill time

In EMS, what does mental status refer to?

The patient's level of awareness of his surroundings

The mnemonic AVPU is used to evaluate which of the following?

The patient's level of responsiveness

Which of the following is NOT part of the general impression?

The patient's past medical history

Which of the following is true concerning the primary assessment?

The primary assessment begins by just observing the patient as you enter the room.

Which of the following describes the chief complaint?

The reason why the patient summoned EMS

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

The term pharmacology is most accurately defined as

The study of drugs and their actions on the body

Which of the following conditions does NOT require intervention in the "Breathing" phase of the primary assessment?

There is not enough information to answer this question.

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.

Which of the following is the purpose of the primary assessment?

To detect and treat immediately life-threatening problems

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time , such as a nitroglycerin it nicotine patch

Transcutaneous

Your patient is a 42-year-old woman who fell a couple of feet from a ladder and is complaining of pain in her ankle. Which of the following are you unable to determine from the information given?

Transport priority

Which of the following is an example of a brand(trade). Name of a drug

Tylenol

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?

What seems to be the matter?

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?

a 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

which of the following patients would most likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction

a 45 year old male who ingested penicillin

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

a blowout fracture.

Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:

a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

a brain injury.

In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:

a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced

a detached retina

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:

a detached retina.

Organic brain syndrome is MOST accurately defined as

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

a heart attack.

during your assessment of a 50 year old male who was found unconscious in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations, significant bradycardia, facial cyanosis, and pinpoint pupils. as your partner begins assisting the patients ventilations, he directs your attention to the patients arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. this patients clinical presentation is MOST consistent with

a heroin overdose

A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate:

a loss of vascular tone

Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?

a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

a rapid heart rate

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for PID?

a shuffling gait when walking

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

a specialist may need to be called.

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

a raised,swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called

a wheal

activated charcoal administration in contraindicated in patients who have ingested

acids or alkalis

In preconventional reasoning, children:

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

it is MOST important to determine a patients weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because

activated charcoal is given based on a patients weight

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

acute anxiety

A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is:

acute cholecystitis.

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

administer high flow oxygen

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.

a 19 year old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants, she states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. the patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain in the area of the bites. her blood pressure is 122/70, her pulse is 100 beats/minute and strong, and her respirations are 18 bretahs per minute and unlabored you should

administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should

administer oxygen, give her 2 (81mg each tablet) chewable aspirin, and assess her further.

a 37 year old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. he does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. how should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept

a 4 year old male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). the child's mother states that the ingestion occurred approximately 20 minutes ago. the child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. after contacting medical control, you should

administer up to 25 g of activated charcoal

Persons who are 12 to 19 years of age

adolescents

7 months

afraid of strangers; mood swings

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

When assessing an 80-year old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

air splint

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise.

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:

airway, breathing, and circulation

DTs is a syndrome associated with withdraw from

alcohol

the most commonly abused drug in the united states is

alcohol

Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory system of older adults?

all of the above

the foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a

allergen

Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:

alleviate the pain

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

allows movement of the head

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism.

Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of:

an aortic aneurysm.

which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction

an exaggerated immune system response to any substance

Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:

an ulcer.

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?

antihypertensive medications

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

anxious-avoidant attachment

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as:

any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others.

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of:

appendicitis.

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

you are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. he is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64. assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. he states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. you should:

apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic,and transport him to the hosptial

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they

are in denial

in general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they

are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles.

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:

ashen

you respond to the residence of a 55 year old female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she has ate approximately 30 minutes ago. the patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticarial and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. as your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should

ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

Which of the following medications is commonly given to patients with chest pain to prevent blood clots from forming or getting bigger?

aspirin

a patient who presents with rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, ringing in the ears, and a high fever should be suspected of ingesting a significant quantity of

aspirin

Which of the following is an example of a drugs generic name

asprin

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. After delivering two rescue breaths, you should:

assess for the presence of a brachial pulse

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

a 38 year old female was bitten by fire ants while at the park with her kids. your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, has profoundly labored breathing, and has rapid, thready pule. she has a red rash on her entire body and her face is very swollen. you should:

assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

you are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39 year old female who is sick. when you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. she is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. you quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. initial management for this patient should include

assisted ventilation with bag mask device

you and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen, and propoxyphene (daron). the patient is unresponsive , his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. treatment for this patient with include

assisted ventilation, naloxone (narcan), and rapid transport

a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

atherosclerosis

you respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. after law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patients dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed, he appears agitated. as you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. he is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110. treatment for this patient includes

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen is tolerated

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called:

automaticity.

The electrical stimulus that originates in the heart's primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the:

autonomic nervous system.

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to

avoid contaminating yourself

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion.

Injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces; for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.

barotrauma

as you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should

be alert for personal hazards

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to

be alter for vomiting

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may:

be homicidal as well.

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay.

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should:

begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

begin ventilatory assistance.

The posterior tibial pulse can be palpated

behind the medial malleolus.

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?

beta-blockers medications

activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substance because because it

binds to the substance and prevents absorption.

the major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is:

black stools

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

blindness

Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.

The term "hyphema" is defined as

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with

blowout fracture.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

formation of a close, personal relationship

bonding

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the _________ artery.

brachial artery

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:

brain

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with

brain injury.

3 months

bring objects to teh mouth; can smile adn frown

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

bronchus

When performing a full-body scan on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle's sign. This is defined as:

bruising behind the ear.

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water.

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

carbon dioxide.

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:

carotid arteries.

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. You should

check for a carotid pulse for no longer than 10 seconds.

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. You should:

check for a carotid pulse for no longer than 10 seconds.

When would it be MOST appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin?

chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest

Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEP

chest pressure.

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:

children who are younger than 6 years of age.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to PID if left untreated?

chlamydia

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

which of the following drugs is NOT a sedative-hypnotic

cocaine

The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin:

color

While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:

confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene

Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:

congestive heart failure.

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:

conjunctiva.

a 73 year old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. you auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress, in addition to administering oxygen, you should

contact medical control if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration

a 3 year old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. the childs mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. after completing your initial assessment of the child, you should

contact the regional poison control center.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n)

contusion.

a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society

conventional reasoning

Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool, clammy skin.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.

coronary arteries, aorta

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men?

cystitis

A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:

date and event

The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of:

decreased blood glucose levels.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by

decreased blood oxygen.

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:

demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat to himself or herself, or to others.

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer.

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:

determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card

Signs of agitated delirium include

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

Signs of agitated delirium include:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being

diaphoretic

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by

dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by:

dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.

which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines

diphenhydramine( Benadryl)

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n)

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

drink a lot of alcohol.

common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following except

drowsiness

your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49 year old male with bradycardia which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience

dry mucous membranes

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

dry the chest off if it is wet

common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following except

drying of the eyes

Persons who are 19-40 years of age

early adults

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

ears

The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the:

effectiveness of oxygenation

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Insulin functions in the body by:

enabling glucose to enter the cells.

Prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED, it is MOST important that you:

ensure that no one is touching the patient.

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:

ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should:

ensure that you are safe

In regards to any patient suffering from a behavioral emergency, what is the MOST important component of caring for this patient?

ensure the safety of you and your team.

n regards to any patient suffering from a behavioral emergency, what is the MOST important component of caring for this patient?

ensure the safety of you and your team.

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:

excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys.

It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is

failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tube.

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:

falsely high systolic and diastolic reading

Which of the following is of LEAST pertinence when obtaining medical history information from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?

family history of hypertension

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

family history.

Ketone production is the result of

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

Ketone production is the result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the

femoral arteries.

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct

fire ants often bite a person repeatedly

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

first-degree burn.

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

Areas where the infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.

fontanelles

Hemoglobin is:

found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen

common names for activated charcoal include all of the following except

fructose

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

gallbladder

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

Which of the following conditions does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge?

genital herpes

A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient?

gentle palpation of the pelvis

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be

given the option of being treated by a female EMT

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:

has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information.

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

have chronic hypertension.

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

he has hemophilia A.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis.

An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) __________ crisis.

hemolytic

A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that:

her spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement.

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?

his large body

chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include

histamines and leukotriene's

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of his or her problem?

history taking

urticaria is the medical term for

hives

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called:

hypercarbia.

Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results from:

hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration.

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT

hypertension.

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hypoglycemia.

Which of the following signs or symptoms would you NOT expect to encounter in a patient with congestive heart failure?

hypotension and flat jugular veins

Advil,nuprin,and Motrin are brand(trade) names for the generic medication

ibuprofen

Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed:

if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress.

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:

if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.

A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:

immediately begin CPR, apply an AED, stop along the side of the road to allow the AED to analyze, and shock as indicated

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:

immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

immediately resume CPR.

You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:

immediately suction her oropharynx.

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:

immobilization of the injury

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output?

increased heart rate and increased stroke volume

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased surface area available for air exchange.

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

increased weight

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

a hypnotic drug is one that:

induces sleep

Persons who are from 1 month to 1 year of age

infants

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is

infection.

most poisonings occur via the ________ route

ingestion

you receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unconscious on the couch. the patient is unresponsive, her respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats per minutes, and her pulse is weak. the husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone(vicodin) which was refilled the day before. you should:

initiate ventilator assistance

a poison that enters the body by ______ is the MOST difficult to treat.

injection

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

insulin.

when caring for a know alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the bloods ability to colt

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:

irrigating his right eye laterally.

Type 1 diabetes

is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

A laceration:

is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

the poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center

is aware of the substance that is involved

Chronic renal failure is a condition that

is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

is significantly hyperglycemic.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

The cricoid cartilage:

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes

The AED is MOST advantageous to the EMT because:

it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation.

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

just anterior to the tragus.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should:

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

kidney

substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as

knowingly misusing substances to produce a desired effect

Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?

known drug allergies

12 months

knows name, can walk

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

lacrimal gland.

Persons who are 61 years old or older

late adults

when using an auto injector to give epinephrine, the primary injection sit is the

lateral portion of the thigh

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:

leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.

With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the:

legs are proportionately smaller than an adults

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

average amount of years a person can be expected to live

life expectancy

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance for a 30-year-old man who they pulled over for erratic driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned, which required one of the officers to subdue him with a Taser. When you arrive and assess the patient, you find that he is very agitated and is experiencing apparent hallucinations. His skin is flushed and diaphoretic. You should:

limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the:

lips.

Which of the following organs would be MOST likely to bleed profusely if injured?

liver

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dysfunction

an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will most likely cause

liver failure

A strangulated hernia is one that

loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases—is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels.

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with PID?

lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because the:

lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

which of the following statements regarding inhaled poisons is correct

lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

a 48 year old male is found in the garden by his wife. when you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, his severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. you should:

maintain his airway and assist his ventilations

The lower jawbone is called the

mandible.

People at risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:

married males older than 30 years.

The upper jawbones are called the.

maxillae.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the:

maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath.

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:

may be relatively painless.

syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended to treat patients who have ingested a poisonous substance because it

may result in aspiration of vomitus

your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33 year old male. lying supine in a jail cell. he is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. you should be MOST concerned that this patient

may vomit and aspirate

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

Persons who are 41-60 years of age

middle adults

The diastolic pressure represents the

minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.

after administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto injector to a 22 year old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. however, she is still anxious and tachycardia. you should

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his/her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things

moro reflex

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

In contrast to an Acute Myocardial Infarct (AMI), angina pectoris most commonly occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

while auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. this indicates:

narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs

persons who are birth to 1 month of age

neonate

basic filtering units in the kidneys

nephrons

atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for

nerve gas agents

During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because:

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nonrebreathing mask.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

before giving activated charcoal you should

obtain approval form medical control

According to the NM EMT-Basic Scope of Practice, which of the following MUST be in place prior to the administration of Nitro to a patient complaining of chest pain?

obtain authorization from medical control

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:

of the risk for airway problems.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?

opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

heroin is an example of an

opioid

Glutose is a trade name for:

oral glucose.

hypotension,hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of

oxycodone(Percocet)

airborne substances are diluted with

oxygen

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

padding between the ear and the scalp.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention.

an infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object

palmar grasp

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:

palms and soles

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA

A full-body scan should be performed on:

patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:

penetrating the cranium.

Your EMS team is performing CPR on a 60-year-old male in cardiac arrest. You connect the AED, push the analyze button, and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should:

perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:

perform a careful and thorough assessment

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:

perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport.

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:

perform oropharyngeal suctioning.

During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his:

peripheral circulation is decreased.

When a person is exposed to a cold environment:

peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is

peritonitis.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound.

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

placing her in an upright position.

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia.

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

postconventional reasoning

When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?

posterior

The mastoid process is located approximately:

posterior to the external opening of the ear.

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants

preconventional reasoning

A 50-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

Persons who are 3 to 6 years of age

preschoolers

A palpable pulse is created by:

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

Functions of the liver include:

production of substances necessary for blood clotting.

immediately after giving an epinephrine injection you should:

properly dispose of the syringe

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspiration.

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:

provide assisted ventilation.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

9 months

pulls self up, places objects in mouth to explore them

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

pulmonary embolism.

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?

pulmonary veins

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:

pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition

Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pulse strength

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:

radiating

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?

rapid eye movement

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should

rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

When assessing an unconscious diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing.

4 months

reaches out to people; drools

After assisting your patient with his or her nitroglycerin, you should

reassess the blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

2 months

recognize ramilair faces, track objects with eyes

the EMTs primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to

recognize that a poisoning has occurred

a 50 year old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. he presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling,, and hypotension. after placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. your next action should be to

record the time and the dose of the injection and transport promptly

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by

reducing the overall workload on the heart through vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

referred pain.

A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:

reflective listening.

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:

regular

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium, and thus water, from the body.

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

repeat the primary assessment.

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:

repeating statements back to him or her

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

report the incident to the appropriate authorities.

you have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40 year old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 you should:

request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine

In contrast to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation:

requires a lower energy setting.

A patient whose mental status can be described as "verbal" is able to:

respond to speaking or shouting by opening the eyes.

8 months

responds to "no" can sit alone, plays peek a boo

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

10 months

responds to name, crawls

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

retina.

The systemic veins function by:

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the

right atrium.

Defibrillator pads are placed on the patient's chest with one pad to the

right of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the left and below the left nipple.

An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

rooting reflex

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

rovide emotional support en route to the hospital.

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder?

schizophrenia

A person who is 6 to 12 years of age

school age

the stinger from a honeybee should be

scraped away from the skin

A bond between an infant and his/her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his/her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his/her needs and take care of him/her when he or she needs help

secure attachment

in an apparent suicide attempt, a 19 year old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil) at present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. her blood pressure is 90/50 her pulse is 140 and irregular , and her respirations are 22 breaths with adequate depth. when transporting this patient, you should be most alert for

seizures and cardiac arrhythmias

Clingy behavior and fear of unfamiliar places and people, which usually occurs between ages 10 and 18 months, is called...

separation anxiety

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?

severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

When a female has reached menarche

she is capable of becoming pregnant.

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

sinoatrial (SA) node.

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

sitting up at a 45° angle.

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?

skeletal muscle

5 months

sleeps thought night; can tell family from strangers

The diaphragm functions as an involuntary muscle when a person:

sleeps.

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system

slows the heart and respiratory rates.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal cord injury

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should:

stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should:

start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.

11 months

starts to walk, frustrated with restrictions

The purpose of defibrillation is to

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

which of the following wounds indicates swelling of the upper airway

stridor

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called

subcutaneous emphysema

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:

subcutaneous emphysema

Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because:

substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration.

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked

sucking reflex

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds

A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:

suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital.

Which of the following would the EMT most likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?

systemic head-to-toe examination

When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:

systolic blood pressure

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:

systolic pressure

signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose includes

tachycardia

6 months

teething begins, sits upright in a chair, one-syllable words spoken

The theory that a person's mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.

terminal drop hypothesis

When the myocardium requires more oxygen

the arteries supplying the heart dilate.

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

the arteries supplying the heart dilate.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:

the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field.

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with:

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:

the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because:

the nerve endings have been destroyed.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because:

the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.

Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the production of key antibodies.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

the reason why the patient called EMS

which of the following statements regarding the salmonella bacterium is correct

the salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning

which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patients allergic reaction

the time of season in which the exposure occured

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

the tongue

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

The Adam's apple is

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

A low ETCO2 reading, as measured by capnography, would MOST likely be observed if:

there is an absence or decrease in the level of CO2 in the lungs

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because

there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely.

phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off the skin instead of irrigated with water because

these chemicals may ignite upon contact with water

Hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and more severely in children because:

they do not always eat correctly and on schedule

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS

three

When a patient's respirations are shallow:

tidal volume is markedly reduced

Persons who are 1 to 3 years of age

toddlers

a person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing an

tolernance

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

tragus.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:

transport her to the emergency department

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes:

transporting the patient without delay.

A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned organized, and routine.

trust and mistrust

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the

umbilicus.

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:

upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.

which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the most rapidly fatal; if not treated immediately

upper airway swelling

PID typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder.

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.

which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction

vasoconstriction and bronchodilator

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

ventilation.

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the

ventricles relaxing

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:

ventricular fibrillation.

Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?

ventricular tachycardia

In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:

vomiting.

you respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. the patient is conscious but confused, she tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before, when she awoke, she was in the bed of the motel room. you should be most suspicious that this patient

was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be

weakness or dizziness.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT must:

wear gloves and facial protection.

epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when

wheezing and hypotension are present

the two MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are

wheezing and widespread urticaria

When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?

when you determine there are multiple patients

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients

who have experienced a head injury.

which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinence during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance

why was the substance ingested

Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:

with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:

without assistance

Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:

you may inadvertently compress the trachea.