Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant - ML6
Correct response: 19 lb 8 oz (8825 g) Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924
The infant weighs 6 lb 8 oz (2,950 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? 19 lb 8 oz (8825 g) 15 lb 4 oz (6920 g) 10 lb 8 oz (4760 g) 13 lb (5900 g)
Correct response: Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, pp. 941-942.
A new mother reports that she is exhausted and that the little sleep she gets is determined by her baby. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to help the mother establish healthy sleeping patterns in her infant? Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities. Let the baby cry during the night and she will eventually fall back to sleep. Put the baby to bed at various times of the evening. Wake the baby from afternoon naps after 1 hour to ensure she is sleepy by nighttime.
Correct response: 21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg) Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3,300 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months?
Correct response: putting the infant to bed with a bottle of milk or juice Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 6-month-old infant about proper dental care. Which action will the nurse indicate as most likely to cause dental caries in this infant? not cleaning the infant's gums after eating meals or snacks using a cloth instead of a brush for cleaning the infant's teeth putting the infant to bed with a bottle of milk or juice brushing the infant's teeth with fluoride-free toothpaste
Correct response: "Do you frequently put your baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice?" "Is your child using a bottle for milk?" "Does your baby use no-spill sippy cups?" Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
During a well-baby visit the mother tells the nurse that she thinks her baby has a decayed tooth and doesn't understand how this could have happened. What are appropriate questions for the nurse to ask this mother? Select all that apply. "Is your child using a bottle for milk?" "Did you read any of the nutrition information we send home with each visit?" "Haven't you seen a dentist yet?" "Does your baby use no-spill sippy cups?" "Do you frequently put your baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice?"
Correct response: Solid food can be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 942.
At what age would it be okay to introduce carrots to an infant's diet? Solid food can be introduced whenever the child seems ready. Solid food can be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age. Solid food can be introduced after 9 months of age. Solid food can be introduced at 7 to 9 months of age.
Correct response: Recommend the parents provide the infant a cold teething ring to chew Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, p. 951
The clinic nurse is assessing a 9-month-old client. The parents state, "Our baby is having a really hard time teething." Which nursing action is appropriate? Tell the parents to give the infant acetaminophen every 4 hours. Encourage the parents to feed the infant warmer foods while teething. Recommend the parents provide the infant a cold teething ring to chew Have the parent's apply a topical numbing cream to the infant's gums hourly.
Correct response: The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 925.
The mother of a 1-month-old infant voices concern about her baby's respirations. She states they are rapid and irregular. Which information should the nurse provide? The irregularity of the infant's respirations are concerning; I will notify the physician. The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause. An infant at this age should have regular respirations. The normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is between 20 and 30 breaths per minute.
Correct response: "Bottles given at bedtime can cause erosion of the enamel on the teeth." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, p. 951.
The mother of an infant is confused after being told by her dentist not to let her baby go to bed with a bottle of milk. She does not agree with that suggestion. Which response should the nurse prioritize when addressing this situation with the mother? "Giving your baby a pacifier at bedtime will satisfy the need to suck." "Bottles given at bedtime can cause erosion of the enamel on the teeth." "Giving a bottle of milk when the infant goes to bed can lead to obesity." "You could occasionally give your baby a bottle of water at bedtime."
Correct response: lower central gumline Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 929.
The nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 6-month-old child. When palpating the location in which the first primary teeth erupt, which location is being assessed? lower central gumline upper lateral gumline upper central gumline lower lateral gumline
Correct response: Bath time provides an opportunity for play Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 940.
The nurse is providing client education to the parent about bathing the infant. What would be important to instruct the parent? Bath time provides an opportunity for play Never use soap on an infant's hair Soap lubricates and oils an infant's skin Infants need a daily bath
Correct response: The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, p. 931.
What action shows an example of Erik Erikson's developmental task for the infant? The infant plays the game peek-a-boo. The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up. The infant cries when he has a wet diaper. The infant smiles as people walk past the crib
Correct response: the child weighs less than expected for age. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
A 12-month-old seen at a walk-in clinic weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces (3750 g) at birth. Weight now is 20 pounds 8 ounces (9300 g). The nurse determines: the child weighs the expected amount for age. the child weighs more than expected for age. the child weighs less than expected for age. the weight assessment is blatantly inaccurate.
Correct response: "The baby can sleep in your room in an infant crib, but not in an adult bed." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
A teen mom asks the discharge nurse if it is okay to sleep in bed with her baby. She says her mom always did it with her siblings and it seemed okay. How should the nurse respond? "Sure you can, but make sure you use a soft mattress for support." "Bed sharing is okay, just make sure the infant is between two people." "The baby can sleep in your room in an infant crib, but not in an adult bed." "Sure, you can do whatever you want, it is your baby."
Correct response: be able to turn over onto the back Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, INTRODUCTION, p. 924.
Anticipatory guidance for an infant for the 4th month should include the fact that the infant will be able to achieve which developmental milestone? have many "blue" or moody periods insist on things being done the infant's way be able to turn over onto the back develop a fear of strangers
Correct response: The infant will most likely present with developmental skills consistent with a 6-month-old infant. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, INTRODUCTION, p. 924.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a 8-month-old infant. The infant's medical history notes that he was born at 32 weeks' gestation. The infant is progressing normally. At what adjusted age should the nurse expect the infant's developmental accomplishments? The infant can be expected to display developmental skills consistent with a 8-month-old infant. The infant will most likely present with developmental skills consistent with a 6-month-old infant. The infant will likely show the skills of an infant with the adjusted age of 7 months. By 8 months of age, the child's skill level will vary greatly and cannot be predicted.
Correct response: Babinski Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 925. The Babinski reflex persists until 12 months of age.
When performing neurological reflexes on the infant, which primitive reflex will be present longest? Babinski rooting step Moro
Correct response: "Let me go over car seat safety with you, so you can install your car seat properly." Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, pp. 940-941.
When the nurse discharges a new mom and infant, the nurses notices that the car seat is in the front seat of the car. What is the appropriate response for the nurse to make regarding the car seat? "You should never put the car seat in the front." "With the car seat in front, you can keep an eye on your baby." "Let me go over car seat safety with you, so you can install your car seat properly." "I see you have a car seat. That is great."
Correct response: The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, p. 936.
A nurse is talking to and making facial expressions at a 9-month-old baby girl during a routine office visit. What is the most advanced milestone of language development that the nurse should expect to see in this child? The infant coos, babbles, and gurgles The infant imitates her father's cough The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father The infant squeals with pleasure
Correct response: Bathing is a time for bonding with the parents. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 940.
A newborn requires skin care that includes bathing. Besides hygiene, what is another reason for bathing the newborn? Bathing can prevent infection. Bathing is a time for bonding with the parents. Bathing is a great time to apply lotion. Bathing helps moisten the skin.
Correct response: 27.5 in (70 cm) Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
The infant measures 21.5 in (54.6 cm) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected height for the infant at the age of 6 months?
Correct response: "The first teeth that will likely appear are the lower incisors." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 929.
The mother of an infant questions the nurse about her baby's teething. The nurse provides client education. Which statement by the mother indicates understanding of the information provided? "My baby's first tooth will likely appear between 5 and 6 months." "By 1 year my baby should have about three teeth." "My baby will most likely have his upper middle teeth come in first." "The first teeth that will likely appear are the lower incisors."
Correct response: as soon as the first tooth erupts Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
The parent of an infant asks the nurse when to begin brushing the infant's teeth. What would be the nurse's best response? by 12 months of age as soon as the first tooth erupts when weaning is complete as soon as the infant begins to eat fruit
Correct response: An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day. Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant - Page 944
What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day? An infant should have 3 to 5 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 1 to 2 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 9 to 10 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
Correct response: being sung to by his mother Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 940.
Which activity is most beneficial in the development of the newborn? listening to classical music laying on his back with a mobile overhead placement in an infant swing in a position to allow observation of the family's activities being sung to by his mother
Correct response: Sitting independently Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.3 Development of Gross Motor Skills in Infancy, p. 932.
Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved? Turning a doorknob Building a tower of four cubes Walking independently Sitting independently
Correct response: "You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, SENSORY DEVELOPMENT, p. 933.
During the first visit to the pediatrician's practice the nurse is performing an admission interview and assessment of a 4-week-old infant. The mother states, "I am sure my baby girl knows my smell because she is much more settled in my arms rather than my mother's arms when she is upset." What is an appropriate response by the nurse? "Babies really can't tell the difference between people at that age." "I'm not sure a 4-week-old infant can tell their mother from another woman's smell." "Maybe she just knows your voice better than your mother's." "You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old."
Correct response: "Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?" Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.4 Development of Fine Motor Skills in Infancy, p. 936.
The parents of an 8-month-old boy voice concern to the nurse that their child is not developing motor skills as he should. What question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining if their fears are warranted? "Is he able to hold a pencil and scribble on paper?" "Does he place toys into a box or container and take them out?" "Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?" "Is he able to drink with a cup by himself?"
Correct response: "Let me ask you some more questions to see if there are symptoms of colic." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, p. 950.
A mother calls the hospital nursing hotline and asks, "My 8-week-old daughter cries 8 hours a day, and she is hard to console. Is that normal?" What should the nurse's response be to this mother? "Yes, maybe she is just tired." "Yes, infants cry all the time at that age." "No, call your doctor." "Let me ask you some more questions to see if there are symptoms of colic."
Correct response: "Toothpaste is not necessary; it is the scrubbing that is required." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949. Toothpaste for infants is not required. The important health technique is the removing of plaque, and that is accomplished through scrubbing of the teeth.
A mother of a 10-month-old states to the nurse, "I brush my child's teeth every day with flavored kids' toothpaste." Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? "Drinking water is really all you need to do to rinse your child's mouth." "That is great, infants typically hate toothpaste." "Toothpaste plays an important role in overall oral health." "Toothpaste is not necessary; it is the scrubbing that is required."
Correct response: looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, p. 931.
A staff nurse is talking about Piaget's theory with a nursing student. Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development during which object permanence is mastered. An example of an infant displaying this ability is: shaking a rattle to enjoy the sound. smiling at herself in the mirror. looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. pushing a spoon from her high chair tray to the floor.
Correct response: "What does his stool look like?" Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 929.
The father of a 6-week-old infant voices concerns about his son's stooling. He further shares that his son grunts and cries when having a bowel movement. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Is he in pain?" "What does his stool look like?" "Grunting is normal with infant stool formation." "We will need to collect a stool specimen for analysis."
Correct response: respond to the infant consistently. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, p. 931.
The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to: expose the infant to many caregivers to help the infant learn variability. keep the infant stimulated with many toys. talk to the infant at a special time each day. respond to the infant consistently.
Correct response: "Since about 4 weeks of age your child has been able to recognize those who are around him often." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, SENSORY DEVELOPMENT, p. 933. At 1 month of age the infant can recognize by sight the people he or she knows best. Telling the child's mother that this will come with time is not correct as this developmental milestone has already occurred. Telling her not to worry minimizes her questions and concerns.
The mother of a 6-week-old infant reports she doesn't know if her child recognizes her face yet. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Recognition of this type begins around 8 weeks of age." "Don't worry. He knows you are his mother." "Since about 4 weeks of age your child has been able to recognize those who are around him often." "Recognition of faces and voices will come with time."
Correct response: should have disappeared. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.1 Selected Primitive and Protective Reflexes in Infancy, p. 925.
The nurse conducting a 6-month well-baby check-up assesses for the presence/absence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. At this age the reflex: should have disappeared. should be pronounced and easy to elicit. is expected to appear within 1 month. is a protective reflex and retained for life.
Correct response: Observe the mother while she feeds and burps her infant. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, p. 951.
The nurse is caring for a 5-week-old infant who is spitting up "all the time." This is the mother's first child. What should be the priority nursing intervention? Observe the mother while she feeds and burps her infant. Recommend the mother offer smaller and more frequent feedings. Describe the capacity of a 5-week-old infant's stomach. Offer assurance that spitting up is normal.
Correct response: Uses only the left hand to grasp Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.2 Developmental Theories, p. 931.
The nurse is examining an 8-month-old girl for appropriate development during a regular check-up. Which observation points to a developmental risk? Uses only the left hand to grasp Crawls with stomach down Picks up small objects using entire hand Cannot pull self to standing
Correct response: Respond promptly when the infant cries. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, p. 931.
Which activity will the nurse encourage new parents to complete in order to assist their infant in accomplishing Erikson's developmental task for the first year of life? Praise the infant when a new milestone is reached. Read age-appropriate books to the infant daily. Respond promptly when the infant cries. Appropriately enunciate words when speaking to the infant.
Correct response: Sitting without support Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.3 Development of Gross Motor Skills in Infancy, p. 932.
Which milestone would the nurse expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age? Pulling self to a standing position Being able to sit from a standing position Creeping on all fours Sitting without support
Correct response: Sitting without support Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.3 Development of Gross Motor Skills in Infancy, p. 932.
Which milestone would the nurse expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age? Pulling self to a standing position Creeping on all fours Sitting without support Being able to sit from a standing position
Correct response: "You can try a pacifier, music, or carrying the baby to help stop crying." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, p. 950. Colic is defined as inconsolable crying that lasts 3 hours or longer per day and which it has no physical cause. Colic symptoms typically fade around 3 months of age. This is an age when infants are better able to console themselves. Colic can be very stressful for parents and lead to sleep deprivation. Many infants need to be carried at all times to reduce crying. Some do well with non-nutritive sucking and others need white noise or motion to help them soothe. Because colic has no physical cause, telling the parents about follow up for "nervous stomach" is not necessary. The infant should be placed in a position of comfort to reduce the crying. Every infant has his or her own position that helps; don't just place the infant on his or her back. Doubling up the formula will not help colic and may actually cause more problems because it can cause abdominal pain and increased weight gain.
A 2-month-old infant has inconsolable crying, is gassy, and constantly draws the legs up. It has been determined that the infant has colic. Which education will the nurse provide to the parents? "Your baby is very hungry, so you should try to feed more often." "Colic is usually the result of poor feeding techniques or improper burping." "This is a temporary condition that should have resolved by now." "You can try a pacifier, music, or carrying the baby to help stop crying."
Correct response: "It is recommended to wait until breastfeeding is well-established before introducing a pacifier." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, pp. 950-951.
A client who is breastfeeding asks the nurse if she can give the newborn a pacifier. Which nursing response is most appropriate? "I will request the lactation consultant come talk to you about pacifier usage while breastfeeding." "I know a lot of people who breastfed and also gave their newborns a pacifier." "It is recommended to wait until breastfeeding is well-established before introducing a pacifier." "This decision should be made by you and your partner based on your personal preferences."
Correct response: "The stools are small and hard." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 929. Grunting, crying and straining during bowel movements by infants and newborns is normal. This is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system. The most important thing to do initially is to determine the appearance of the stool. The grunts and cries are not of concern unless the stool is dry and hard, so asking about the characteristics is the initial response. Simply indicating this is normal without having additional information is not the appropriate response. There is no need for a stool specimen based upon the information provided. Stools from a breastfeeding infant are different than from a formula fed infant. The infant stools more frequently, the contents are yellow seedy There is little or no odor to the stool. Foamy or foul smelling stools may indicate a digestive problem or illness. The health care provider or nurse practitioner should be contacted. All the other statements describe normal stooling.
A first-time mother, who is breastfeeding, phones the clinic nurse because she is concerned about her 3-month-old infant's stools. Which statement by the mother would alert the nurse to contact the health care provider? "My infant grunts and squirms when having a bowel movement." "The stools are small and hard." "My infant has not had a bowel movement in almost 8 hours." "The stools are loose and seedy."
Correct response: "The baby needs to learn how to swallow, so catch the food and offer it again until the baby learns this." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 948.
A frustrated mother with a 9-month-old baby comes to the clinic because her son is refusing all solid food. When talking with this mother, the nurse discovers the mother has struggled with a weight problem all her life, which she attributes to being forced to eat even when she was full. Not wanting to treat her child the same way, each time her son pushes food away with his tongue she believes that he doesn't want it. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to say to this mother? "The baby might be allergic to the particular foods you offered, so try different kinds of food." "The baby needs to learn how to swallow, so catch the food and offer it again until the baby learns this." "The baby might not be ready for solid food, so wait a month or so and try again." "Because your baby is a fussy eater, have more than one food available at each feeding so he can choose a food he likes."
Correct response: "You should buy rice cereal." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 948. Then comes oats, barley, and wheat. Wheat has the highest allergy reaction in infants.
A parent takes the 4-month-old infant to the health care provider. The parent asks what type of baby cereal to provide now that the infant is starting solid foods. How should the nurse respond? "You should buy barley cereal." "You should buy rice cereal." "You should buy wheat cereal." "You should buy oat cereal."
Correct response: "She has been a chatterbox and smiles just like her brother." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, p. 937.
The nurse comes into an infant's room on the pediatric floor. The nurse wants to try to feed the infant for the first time since her surgery. How does the nurse know what state the infant is in by what the mother says, and that it's fine to try and feed the infant? "She has been a chatterbox and smiles just like her brother." "She is still sleeping; I guess she is worn out." "She is so quiet today; that is not like her." "She has been crying every time someone picks her up."
Correct response: Establish a quieting ritual for infant before bed. During night awakening, keep interactions minimal. Having one parent awake at a time with infant Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
The nurse establishes the following plan of care based on the nursing diagnosis: Caregiver role strain related to infant crying throughout night as manifested by parents stating, "We are exhausted." Which nursing interventions are included in the plan of care? Select all that apply. At bedtime, ensure the child is in a deep sleep then place in crib. Add rice cereal to the evening bottle to prevent hunger and awakening. Establish a quieting ritual for infant before bed. During night awakening, keep interactions minimal. Having one parent awake at a time with infant
Correct response: The infant raises head and chest while on stomach. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
The nurse in a community clinic is assessing a 2-month-old infant. The parent asks if the infant is developing normally. The nurse refers to which finding as suggestive of normal development in infants from birth to 2 months of age? The infant laughs aloud and responds to name. The infant raises head and chest while on stomach. The infant transfers objects from one hand to the other. The infant stays seated in the tripod position.
Correct response: 11.2 Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
The nurse in a pediatric clinic is reviewing the chart of an infant who is 12 months old. The infant weighed 8 lb 3 oz (3720 g) at birth. What does the nurse anticipate the infant's weight to be in kilograms if the infant meets normal growth expectations? Record your answer using one decimal place.
Correct response: 24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, INTRODUCTION, p. 924.
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements reflecting height/weight would the nurse expect to document for this visit? 16 lb (7.2 kg) and 26 inches (65 cm) 28 pounds (12.7 kg) and 32 inches (80 cm) 24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) 20 lb (9.1 kg) and 28 inches (70 cm)
Correct response: Babbling Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, p. 936. Cooing begins in the first 4 weeks of life, productions of noises when spoken to and laughing out loud are seen later than 6 months of age. Infants begin to babble around 6 months of age.
The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant in the clinic. Which characteristic represents normal language development for this age? Babbling Cooing Producing noises when spoken to Laughing out loud
Correct response: Trust Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, p. 931.
The nurse is assessing an 6-month-old infant at a well-baby visit and is answering questions from the new mother. Which response should the nurse prioritize when addressing the mother's question concerning what the infant should be learning at this point in life? Trust Feel anger Love Fear
Correct response: weight of 16 lb (7300 g) and length of 26 in (66.0 cm) Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
The nurse is assessing an infant at the 6-month well-baby check-up. The nurse notes that at birth the baby weighed 8 lb (3600 g) and was 20 in (50.8 cm) in length. Which finding is consistent with the normal infant growth and development? weight of 16 lb (7300 g) and length of 26 in (66.0 cm) weight of 14 lb (6400 g) and length of 24 in (61.0 cm) weight of 20 lb (9100 g) and length of 30 in (76.2 cm) weight of 18 lb (8200 g) and length of 28 in (71.1 cm)
Correct response: Document the findings as normal. Explanation: Reference: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 925.
The nurse is assessing the 18-month-old infant. The nurse notes the anterior fontanel (fontanelle) has closed. What initial action by the nurse is indicated? Notify the infant's health care provider. Review the birth records of the infant to see if there were any other anomalies. Document the findings as normal. Measure the infant's head circumference.
Correct response: The infant turns to the right side, searching with mouth, when the right side of the cheek is stroked. The infant demonstrates reflexive sucking when nipple or finger is placed in infant's mouth. The infant reflexively grasps when the nurse touches the palm. With sudden extension of the infant's head, the arms abduct and move upward and the hands form a "C". Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.1 Selected Primitive and Protective Reflexes in Infancy, p. 926. The primitive reflexes (root, suck, palmar grasp, moro) should be absent by 10 months of age. The Babinski reflex persists until 12 months of age so the presence of this reflex would be considered a normal finding in the 10-month-old.
The nurse is assessing the neurological status of a 10-month-old infant. Which finding(s) does the nurse determine to be abnormal when performing this assessment? Select all that apply. The infant demonstrates reflexive sucking when nipple or finger is placed in infant's mouth. With sudden extension of the infant's head, the arms abduct and move upward and the hands form a "C". The infant fans and extends the toes when the nurse strokes along the lateral aspect of the sole and across the plantar surface of the foot. The infant reflexively grasps when the nurse touches the palm. The infant turns to the right side, searching with mouth, when the right side of the cheek is stroked.
Correct response: They put her to bed when she falls asleep. Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
The nurse is assessing the sleeping practices of the parents of a 4-month-old girl who wakes repeatedly during the night. Which parent comment might reveal a cause for the night waking? If she is safe, they lie her down and leave. They sing to her before she goes to sleep. The child has a regular, scheduled bedtime. They put her to bed when she falls asleep.
Correct response: "You should interact with your newborn when the eyes are open wide and bright." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 925. A newborn's neurological development includes 6 states of consciousness. The best time for a family to interact with a newborn is when the newborn is in the quiet or active alert stage. The quiet alert state is when the body is calm and the eyes are wide open. The active alert state is when the eyes are wide open and there are body movements. Examples of this are minimal body activity, regular respirations, face with shiny look, eyes wide and bright, and paying attention to stimuli. When the newborn is crying it is very difficult to get the newborn's attention. The newborn needs immediate needs met at this time such as feeding, repositioning, or a diaper change. When the newborn is in a drowsy state, trying to interact only causes frustration for the newborn as sleep is interrupted.
The nurse is caring for a parent following the birth of the newborn. The new parent asks the nurse, "When is the best time for me to start bonding with my baby?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate? "Newborns prefer to have verbal interaction as they enter a drowsy state." "Interaction has the best effect on bonding when the newborn is in a quiet sleep state." "You should interact with your newborn when the eyes are open wide and bright." "When newborns begin to cry, they are in need of parental interaction."
Correct response: Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, ADDRESSING COMMON DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS, p. 950.
The nurse is caring for the family with a 2-month-old boy with colic. The mother reports feeling very stressed by the baby's constant crying. Which intervention would provide the most help in the short term? Educating the parents about when colic stops. Watching how the parents respond to the child. Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child. Assessing the parents' care and feeding skills.
Correct response: The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, SENSORY DEVELOPMENT, p. 934.
The nurse is completing a developmental assessment on a 6-month-old infant. Which findings indicate the need for additional follow-up? Select all that apply. The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. The infant babbles. The infant is unable string together 2 word sentences.
Correct response: Formula is designed to provide similar amounts of calories as breast milk would provide. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 939.
The nurse is educating a new parent regarding nutritional needs for the newborn. Which statement is accurate and should be taught regarding the nutritional needs of a newborn? Newborns require additional water to supplement their diet if they are only formula feeding. Cow's milk is similar to breast milk in terms of calories and nutrients and is appropriate for the newborn. Growth during newborn stage is slow, so fewer calories are needed then when the infant is older. Formula is designed to provide similar amounts of calories as breast milk would provide.
Correct response: the newborn's stomach can hold between 0.5 oz and 1 oz. Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 929.
The nurse is educating the mother of a newborn about feeding practices. The nurse correctly advises the mother that: demand scheduled feeding is associated with increased difficulty getting the baby to sleep through the night. the best feeding schedule offers food every 4 to 6 hours. most newborns need to eat about 4 times per day. the newborn's stomach can hold between 0.5 oz and 1 oz.
Correct response: "I will not be concerned if my newborn has stools that begin to have a yellowish color to them." "I understand it is normal for newborns to lose 5% to 10% of their bodyweight after birth." "My newborn can see up-close things, like our faces, better than things at a distance." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH ,PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 924, 929.
The nurse is educating the parents of a newborn prior to discharge home. The parents demonstrate teaching was successful when making which statement(s)? Select all that apply. "I will not be concerned if my newborn has stools that begin to have a yellowish color to them." "My newborn can see up-close things, like our faces, better than things at a distance." "I understand it is normal for newborns to lose 5% to 10% of their bodyweight after birth." "I plan to add a little rice cereal to my breast milk so my newborn will sleep longer at night." "We should get some rest in about 1 month when the newborn starts sleeping through the night."
Correct response: "I will not be concerned if my newborn has stools that begin to have a yellowish color to them." "I understand it is normal for newborns to lose 5% to 10% of their bodyweight after birth." "My newborn can see up-close things, like our faces, better than things at a distance." Explanation: Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH ,PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES, p. 924, 929.
The nurse is educating the parents of a newborn prior to discharge home. The parents demonstrate teaching was successful when making which statement(s)? Select all that apply. "We should get some rest in about 1 month when the newborn starts sleeping through the night." "I will not be concerned if my newborn has stools that begin to have a yellowish color to them." "I understand it is normal for newborns to lose 5% to 10% of their bodyweight after birth." "I plan to add a little rice cereal to my breast milk so my newborn will sleep longer at night." "My newborn can see up-close things, like our faces, better than things at a distance."
Correct response: "It is much healthier if I puree my own baby food and add a very small amount of salt to make it taste better." "No-spill sippy cups are a good way to limit the amount of juice that comes into contact with the baby's teeth." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 948.
The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nutrition counseling for new mothers. Which comments by the mothers indicate the need for more instruction? Select all that apply. "My mother said that I shouldn't introduce rice cereal as the first solid food, but I'm confident that is best." "No-spill sippy cups are a good way to limit the amount of juice that comes into contact with the baby's teeth." "It is much healthier if I puree my own baby food and add a very small amount of salt to make it taste better." "As long as I wait for at least 3 days to introduce new foods I should be able to determine if my child has any food allergies." "I can start giving my baby a small snack like cheerios around 8 months of age."
Correct response: A yellow rubber duck for the bath Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.5 Appropriate Toys for Newborns and Infants, p. 941.
The nurse is helping the mother of a 5-month-old boy understand the importance of developmentally appropriate play. Which one of the toys best meets the needs of this child? A yellow rubber duck for the bath A push-pull toy Brightly colored stacking toy Pots and pans from the kitchen cupboard
Correct response: The infant sleeps 10 to 12 hours at night and can take two to three naps during the day. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
The nurse is meeting with a group of older siblings of infants to discuss various aspects of infant care. The group will be helping the parents with infant care. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize with this group? The infant should be sound asleep before being put into the crib for sleeping. The infant should wear hard-soled shoes in order to protect their feet from injury. The infant sleeps 10 to 12 hours at night and can take two to three naps during the day. The infant should be dressed more warmly than older children and caregivers.
Correct response: "Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, pp. 946-948.
The nurse is providing a nutrition workshop for the parents of infants. The nurse understands that further instruction is required when hearing which comments from the parents? Select all that apply. "I let my child eat whatever he wants right now so that we don't argue about food. Hopefully he will like healthy foods when he grows up." "I try to eat healthy in front of my daughter so she will hopefully pick up good eating habits." "Food is so expensive. I can't afford for my child to leave any food on the plate." "I have tried at least 10 times with every green vegetable and I can't get my son to like them." "I plan on encouraging my son to cook with me when he is old enough so that he will enjoy a variety of foods and learn how to cook too."
Correct response: cow's milk peanut butter strawberries Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, BOX 25.3 Foods to Avoid in Infancy, p. 948. In infants and children, certain foods are associated with allergies. These foods include cow's milk, egg whites, peanut butter and strawberries. Soy products and egg substitutes are not among those foods associated with allergies in children.
The nurse is providing education to the woman about foods commonly associated with allergies in infants and young children. What items should be included in this list? Select all that apply. egg substitutes strawberries soy products peanut butter cow's milk
Correct response: "Milk will not fully provide the child's needs for iron, which is found in solid foods." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 948.
The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of caregivers related to the nutritional needs of the infant. One caregiver asks why the 6-month-old infant needs to have solid foods when breast milk is such a good source of nutrition. What would be the best response by the nurse? "Milk will not fully provide the child's needs for iron, which is found in solid foods." "By this age the child becomes interested in trying new skills." "Breastfeeding will become painful when the child gets more teeth, so the infant needs to eat solid foods." "The extrusion reflex must be developed and feeding solid foods will help the child to develop this reflex."
Correct response: Iron Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 947.
The nurse is reviewing the diet of an 8-month-old infant with the mother who reveals she has been using evaporated milk to make the formula. Which additional ingredient should the nurse ensure she is including in the formula? Vitamin E Vitamin D Iron Calcium
Correct response: Serve new foods several times. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 948.
The nurse is teaching healthy eating habits to the parents of a 7-month-old girl. Which recommendation is the most valuable advice? Actively urge the child to eat new foods. Let the child eat only the foods she prefers. Provide small portions that must be eaten. Serve new foods several times.
Correct response: "Your infant's weight loss is within the expected range." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PHYSICAL GROWTH, p. 924.
The parent of 1-week-old infant voices concerns about the infant's weight loss since birth. At birth the infant weighed 7 lb (3.2 kg); the infant currently weighs 6 lb 5 oz (2.9 kg). Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Your infant has lost too much weight and may need to be hospitalized." "All infants lose a substantial amount of weight after birth." "Your infant has lost a bit more than the normal amount." "Your infant's weight loss is within the expected range."
Correct response: "Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?" Explanation: Transferring an object from one hand to the other is expected at 7 months of age, so this would be expected of an 8-month-old. The other options are not expected until later months, so questioning the parents about these skills would not help in determining if he was at the motor skill developmental level that should be expected. Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, TABLE 25.4 Development of Fine Motor Skills in Infancy, p. 936.
The parents of an 8-month-old boy voice concern to the nurse that their child is not developing motor skills as he should. What question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining if their fears are warranted? "Does he move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to him?" "Does he place toys into a box or container and take them out?" "Is he able to drink with a cup by himself?" "Is he able to hold a pencil and scribble on paper?"
Correct response: A mother places her newborn on its side after falling asleep. A mother states all of her children like sleeping on their abdomen and this newborn likes it too. A mother places the baby comforter her grandmother made over the newborn's body. A mother states her baby looks too warm, so she is moving the bassinet in front of the air conditioner to cool him off. Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 949.
The postpartum nurse observes new mothers as they put their newborns in the bassinet to sleep. Which actions by the new mothers require further instruction from the nurse? Select all that apply. A mother states her baby looks too warm, so she is moving the bassinet in front of the air conditioner to cool him off. A mother tells her husband to be sure to place the newborn on his back when putting the baby in the bassinet. A mother places her newborn on its side after falling asleep. A mother states all of her children like sleeping on their abdomen and this newborn likes it too. A mother places the baby comforter her grandmother made over the newborn's body.
Correct response: "Maturation refers to the child's increases in body size." Explanation: Reference: Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S., Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, Chapter 25: Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant, INTRODUCTION, p. 924. Maturation refers to an increase in functionality of various body systems or developmental skills. Growth refers to an increase in physical size. Development is the sequential process by which infants and children gain various skills and functions. Heredity influences growth and development by determining the child's potential, while environment contributes to the degree of achievement.
The student nurse is reviewing the records of a pediatric client. Which statement about the client's progress indicates the need for further instruction? "Development refers to the increase in skills the child demonstrates as they grow and age." "Both growth and development are influenced by heredity." "Increases in body size are referred to as growth." "Maturation refers to the child's increases in body size."
