Chapter 26
Throughout World War II, in organized American laborA. no major union went on strike.B. "wildcat" strikes were quite common.C. unions accepted a freeze on wages until the war ended.D. many states passed laws expanding the influence of unions.E. opposition to strikes was led by the influential United Mine Workers.
B. "wildcat" strikes were quite common.
In February 1945, an Allied bombing attack on Dresden, GermanyA. destroyed 75% of the previously undamaged city.B. killed approximately 135,000 people.C. resulted in mostly civilian casualties.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
56. All of the following statements regarding the Allied development of an atomic bomb during World War II are true EXCEPT A. the program was code-named the Manhattan Project. B. plutonium was a practical fuel for the bomb. C. the program proceeded at a faster pace than had been expected. D. the government secretly poured nearly $2 billion into the project. E. Albert Einstein was in charge of the program
E. Albert Einstein was in charge of the program
60. In 1945, the Japanese surrender to the United States A. was announced a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped. B. was formally signed on the American battleship Missouri. C. occurred on September 2, 1945. D. was both formally signed on the American battleship Missouri and announced a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
61. Casualties in World War II A. saw fourteen million combatants die. B. saw more than one million Americans killed or wounded. C. were relatively light in the United States compared to those of other countries. D. both were relatively light in the United States compared to those of other countries, and saw more than fourteen million combatants die. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
After 1943, the United States advanced on Japan primarily with the aid of forces fromA. England and France.B. the Soviet Union and China.C. the Dutch and the Soviet Union.D. England and the Soviet Union.E. Australia and New Zealand.
E. Australia and New Zealand.
In February 1944, American naval forces won a series of victories in the Marshall Islands under the command ofA. Dwight Eisenhower.B. Douglas MacArthur.C. Omar Bradley.D. Joseph Stilwell.E. Chester Nimitz.
E. Chester Nimitz.
In 1943, to simplify tax collections, Congress enactedA. automatic payroll deductions.B. a short form for paying income taxes.C. a sales tax.D. a flat tax.E. an earned income tax credit.
A. automatic payroll deductions.
During World War II, all of the following were Allied advances in intelligence-gathering EXCEPT theA. creation of the Enigma machine for coded communications.B. introduction of punched-hole card technology.C. creation of the first programmable, digital computer.D. breaking of the German codes early in the war.E. breaking of Japanese codes before American entry into the war.
A. creation of the Enigma machine for coded communications.
In World War II, the main American strategy to fight Japan was to A. mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japanese from two directions.B. concentrate U.S. forces into one large offensive moving west from the Marshall Islands.C. quickly recapture the Midway Islands from the Japanese.D. establish a strong defensive position in the Solomon Islands to lure in the Japanese.E. encourage the Japanese navy to overextend itself past the Gilbert Islands, then attack from behind
A. mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japanese from two directions.
In regards to European Jewish refugees, between 1939 and 1945, the United States A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees.B. won an agreement by England to accept several thousand refugees.C. made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not to enter the United States.D. denied the Nazis were targeting Jews for murder.E. rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish immigrants.
A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees.
During World War II, the labor force of the United StatesA. saw fifteen million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces.B. saw the supply of civilian labor decline by twenty-five percent.C. was forced to contend with a large labor surplus.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
A. saw fifteen million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces.
During World War II, American women who worked outside the homeA. tended to be older than women who worked in the past.B. were barred from unions.A. were not allowed to have children under the age of three in their care.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
A. tended to be older than women who worked in the past.
The costliest battle in the history of the United States Marines Corps wasA. the Battle of Iwo Jima.B. the Battle of Leyte Gulf.C. the Battle of Okinawa.D. the Battle of Midway.E. the Battle of Guadalcanal.
A. the Battle of Iwo Jima.
59. In August 1945, the primary reason the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan was because A. the Japanese did not immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped. B. the Soviet Union announced it would not enter into war against Japan. C. the Japanese government announced that the United States had only one atomic bomb. D. the emperor of Japan asked the United States for more time to consider surrendering. E. the emperor of Japan declared that his country would fight to the death.
A. the Japanese did not immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped.
In 1943, the country that pressed for an immediate Allied invasion of France against Germany was A. the Soviet Union.B. China.C. Great Britain.D. the United States.E. Canada.
A. the Soviet Union.
All of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II are true EXCEPTA. the United States government has never admitted wrongdoing.B. the order for internment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944.C. most of those interned lost all their property and possessions.D. the internment camps were essentially prisons.E. the relocation centers offered sub-par schools and minimal medical care.
A. the United States government has never admitted wrongdoing.
In the 1940s, swing musicA. was a new form of jazz.B. originated in Latin America.C. grew out of the square dance.D. first appeared in the United States in Kansas City.E. reinforced racial taboos.
A. was a new form of jazz.
The 1944 Battle of Leyte GulfA. was the largest naval engagement in history.B. saw Japanese forces sink four American aircraft carriers.C. was the only time German and Japanese naval forces fought together.D. included the American capture of Okinawa.E. resulted in the American capture of Tinian, Guam, and Saipan.
A. was the largest naval engagement in history.
During World War II, the United States Army chief of staff wasA. Douglas MacArthur.B. George Marshall.C. Omar Bradley.D. Dwight Eisenhower.E. George Patton.
B. George Marshall.
During World War II, the Fair Employment Practices Commission was createdA. to help southern African Americans move to northern cities to take war jobs.B. by President Roosevelt to stop black protesters from marching on the capital.C. after serious racial rioting broke out in several northern industrial cities.D. and led by A. Philip Randolph.E. in response to significant protests led by the Congress of Racial Equality.
B. by President Roosevelt to stop black protesters from marching on the capital.
During World War II, in the United States, all of the following social indicators experienced a rise in their rate of occurrence EXCEPTA. the marriage rate.B. high school enrollment.C. the divorce rate.D. the juvenile crime rate.E. the birth rate.
B. high school enrollment.
58. Prior to ordering the use of an atomic bomb against Japan, President Harry Truman A. sent evidence of a test explosion to the Japanese government. B. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face utter devastation. C. warned the Japanese about the atomic bomb but sent no evidence of its effect. D. told Japan to evacuate Hiroshima or face the consequences. E. did not send any kind of message to Japan.
B. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face utter devastation.
In 1943, the "zoot-suit riots" in Los AngelesA. resulted from tensions between the African-American and Mexican-American communities.B. led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits.C. began when off-duty Mexican-American soldiers refused to wear their military uniforms.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
B. led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits.
During World War II, Germany held the technological edge over the Allies inA. centimetric radar.B. rocket-propelled bombs.C. ocean mine detection.D. aircraft bombers.E. intelligence gathering.
B. rocket-propelled bombs.
In 1942, the North African campaign against the Nazis saw A. the Americans advance under the command of Omar Bradley.B. the Americans successfully regroup from a defeat at Kasserine Pass.C. the Germans suffer a major defeat at Stalingrad.D. the Americans push Germans out of Egypt.E. the British lose a key early battle at El Alamein.
B. the Americans successfully regroup from a defeat at Kasserine Pass.
All of the following statements regarding the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 are true EXCEPTA. the attack saw perhaps the largest number of naval vessels and armaments ever assembled in one place.B. the landing was made across the narrowest part of the English Channel.C. Allied paratroopers were dropped behind German lines prior to the beach landings.D. within a week, German forces had been dislodged from most of the Normandy coast.E. American, British, and Canadian forces stormed the beaches on June 6, 1944.
B. the landing was made across the narrowest part of the English Channel.
In April 1945, American and British forces halted their advance on Germany at the Elbe RiverA. because their supply lines had become overextended.B. to wait for the Russian army to arrive.C. due to fierce German resistance.D. at the announcement that President Franklin Roosevelt had died.E. because all bridges over the river had been destroyed.
B. to wait for the Russian army to arrive.
Over the course of World War II, inflation in the United StatesA. remained low before 1941.B. was much less serious a problem than during World War I.C. was largely uncontrolled by the federal government.D. was at its highest in the last year of the war.E. was less a concern during the war than fears of deflation.
B. was much less serious a problem than during World War I.
57. In 1945, the first atomic explosion in history took place in A. Hiroshima, Japan. B. the Bikini Islands. C. Alamogordo, New Mexico. D. the Salt Lake desert in Utah. E. Oak Ridge, Tennessee
C. Alamogordo, New Mexico.
In World War II, one of the primary American commanders in the Pacific was A. Dwight Eisenhower.B. Omar Bradley.C. Chester Nimitz.D. George Marshall.E. George Patton.
C. Chester Nimitz.
In the 1944 elections,A. Republicans gained control of the Senate.B. President Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to campaign.C. Democrats increased their control of the House.D. Thomas Dewey nearly won the electoral vote.E. Henry Wallace was elected vice president.
C. Democrats increased their control of the House.
In 1943, at the Casablanca Conference, the Allies decided they would next invadeA. Cyprus.B. France.C. Sicily.D. Corsica.E. Greece.
C. Sicily.
In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program whichA. increased the number of Mexican immigrants the United States would accept as new citizens.B. allowed United States businesses to establish war production factories in Mexico.C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time.D. accepted Mexican citizens into the United States armed forces.E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico.
C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time.
During World War II, the United States militaryA. used quotas to limit the number of black servicemen in the military.B. excluded blacks from combat duty.C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation.D. allowed blacks into all branches of the military for the first time.E. doubled the number of black servicemen to 200,000.
C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation.
The United States government acquired definite knowledge of the HolocaustA. prior to World War II beginning in Europe.B. before the U.S. had entered the war.C. during the first years after U.S. involvement.D. not until the last year of the war.E. not until after the war was over.
C. during the first years after U.S. involvement.
In 1942-1943, the British and American war effort against the Nazis concentrated on A. freeing France from German control.B. supporting the Russians.C. fighting in North Africa.D. protecting England.E. stopping the Holocaust.
C. fighting in North Africa.
During World War II, the United States military servicesA. saw the major purpose of the USO to bring new recruits into the armed forces.B. tolerated homosexuality.C. tolerated illicit heterosexual relationships.D. encouraged USO women to form relationships with servicemen.E. banned the practice of painting bathing beauties on the nosecones of fighter planes.
C. tolerated illicit heterosexual relationships.
During World War II, the Allied development of the Gee navigation system A. was first used in the last months of the war.B. sent a sonic message telling pilots they were in range of their targets.C. used electronic pulses to plot course location.D. proved ineffective at sea.E. raised the accuracy rate of night-bombing raids to 30 percent.
C. used electronic pulses to plot course location.
During World War II, the National Defense Research CommitteeA. by 1941, had pushed the U.S. into a position of technological superiority over Germany.B. funded less research than its predecessor had during World War I.C. was headed by a scientist who was a pioneer in the development of the computer.D. concentrated its work on developing an atomic bomb.E. received more private funding than government money.
C. was headed by a scientist who was a pioneer in the development of the computer.
The Battle of the BulgeA. began in the spring of 1945.B. saw the American army drive deep into Germany.C. was the last major battle on the western front.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
C. was the last major battle on the western front.
.During World War II, Chinese AmericansA. were drafted in a higher proportion than any other national group.B. received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda.C. saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
During World War II, American shoppersA. faced many shortages of consumer goods.B. made consumerism a powerful force in society.C. had more money to spend than they had the decade before.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
During World War II, the effectiveness of German U-boats and underwater mines was ended by the development ofA. acoustic countermeasures.B. sonar.C. centrimetric radar.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
The Allied decisions that delayed an invasion of FranceA. left the Soviet Union deeply embittered.B. put the Soviet Union in a better position to control eastern Europe.C. occurred after the Soviet Union had won a significant victory in Stalingrad.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
The Battle of Midway in 1942A. saw the United States suffer great losses.B. was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy.C. lasted four days.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
The Smith-Connally Act of 1943A. was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt.B. authorized the president to seize a war factory where workers had gone on strike.C. passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
During World War II, Congress abolished theA. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).B. Works Progress Administration (WPA).C. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).D. CCC and WPA.E. WPA and FDIC.
D. CCC and WPA.
In August 1944, the Allies liberated from German occupation the city ofA. Rome.B. Warsaw.C. Stockholm.D. Paris.E. Amsterdam.
D. Paris.
During World War II, the War Production BoardA. was maintained under the auspices of the Department of Labor.B. was directed by Roosevelt ally Leon Henderson.C. had complete control over military purchases.D. favored large over small contractors.E. won the support of small business.
D. favored large over small contractors.
During World War II, organized labor in the United StatesA. lost membership as wages rose across most industries.B. frequently used the threats of strikes to obtain higher wages.C. agreed to freeze union membership and wages until the war was over.D. won automatic union memberships for new defense plant workers.E. won a significant victory with the passage of the Smith-Connally Act.
D. won automatic union memberships for new defense plant workers.
During World War II, the first Axis country to be defeated wasA. Germany.B. Spain.C. Austria.D. Japan.E. Italy.
E. Italy.
55. In 1939, the first steps toward the creation of an atomic bomb were taken by A. the Soviet Union. B. Great Britain. C. the United States. D. Japan. E. Nazi Germany.
E. Nazi Germany.
During World War II, Allied bombers targetedA. the crematoria at Auschwitz.B. the railroad lines leading to Auschwitz.C. the guard towers and Nazi bunkers at Auschwitz.D. All the answers are correct.E. None of the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.
During World War II, the regional impact of government spending was the greatest in theA. Northeast.B. Midwest.C. South.D. East.E. West.
E. West.
The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time.B. saw the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces.C. marked the major turning point of the war in the Pacific.D. saw the Japanese lose most of its aircraft carriers.E. marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan.
E. marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan.
Between 1939 and 1945, the federal budget of the United States A. halved.B. doubled.C. tripled.D. rose five-fold.E. rose ten-fold.
E. rose ten-fold.
During World War II, American IndiansA. saw government war contracts bring a higher standard of living to many reservations.B. were excluded from military service.C. were pushed out of white society and back onto the reservations.D. saw war work spread to almost every Indian reservation in the United States.E. saw the war effort undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions.
E. saw the war effort undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions.
A significant issue in the 1944 election wasA. America's relationship with the Soviet Union.B. corruption charges involving the White House.C. the strategy of the war.D. civil rights.E. the domestic economy.
E. the domestic economy.
In 1942, when the United States interned Japanese Americans in "relocation centers,"A. all of the affected Japanese were American citizens.B. the West Coast of the United States was not an important military region.C. all of those affected were first-generation Japanese immigrants.D. the move was protested by California Attorney General Earl Warren.E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk.
E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk.