Chapter 26: Soft-Tissue Injuries
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. A. 18% B. 27% C. 36% D. 45%
A
A 22-year-old male was attacked by a rival gang and has a large knife impaled in the center of his chest. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should: A. carefully remove the knife, control any bleeding, begin CPR, and transport. B. stabilize the knife in place, provide rescue breathing, and transport at once. C. remove the knife and control any bleeding, apply the AED, and analyze his rhythm. D. begin CPR, control any external bleeding, and transport rapidly to a trauma center.
A
A 38 year old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive , pulse less and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: A. begin CPR and apply the AED B. assess for entry and exit wounds C. begin CPR and transport at once D. fully immobilize his spinal column
A
A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: A. begin CPR and apply the AED. B. begin CPR and transport at once. C. assess for entry and exit wounds. D. fully immobilize his spinal column.
A
A 45-year-old convenience store clerk was shot in the right anterior chest during a robbery. Your assessment reveals that the wound has blood bubbling from it every time the patient breathes. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. prevent air from entering the wound. B. cover the wound with a bulky dressing. C. assess the patient's back for an exit wound. D. transport promptly to the closest trauma center.
A
A construction worker fell approximately 30′ and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10″ steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should: A. control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately. B. remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an automated external defibrillator (AED), begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center. C. stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center. D. control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible.
A
A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: A. rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. B. apply insulated gloves and assume manual control of his c-spine. C. quickly but carefully move the patient away from the power line. D. manually stabilize his head as your partner assesses for breathing.
A
According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA. A. 1% B. 2% C. 4% D. 6%
A
All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the: A. lips. B. nose. C. anus. D. mouth.
A
All open wounds are assumed to be _____ and present a risk of infection. A. contaminated B. life-threatening C. minimal D. extensive
A
As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should: A. open his airway and assess his breathing status. B. perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment. C. assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality. D. apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries.
A
Burns are classified according to: A. depth and extent. B. location and pain. C. degree and location. D. extent and location.
A
During your assessment of a 22 year old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should: A. administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport. B. conclude that he is experiencing intracranial bleeding C. perform a focused physical exam of his abdomen D. place him in a sitting position and give him oxygen
A
Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. immobilization of the injury. B. prevention of contamination. C. protection from further injury. D. control of external hemorrhage.
A
In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is: A. infection. B. hypothermia. C. nerve damage. D. vessel damage.
A
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: A. an air embolism. B. a spinal fracture. C. an ischemic stroke. D. nerve fiber damage.
A
The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin: A. color. B. texture. C. moisture. D. temperature.
A
The hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands are found in the: A. dermis B. germinal layer C. epidermis D. subcutaneous layer
A
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient? A. circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest B. full-thickness burn to 5% of the body surface area (BSA) C. partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA D. superficial burn covering 50% of the BSA
A
Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? A. The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. B. White blood cells are forced away from the injury site, thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells, resulting in increased blood flow. C. The blood vessels in and around the injury site constrict, which forces bacteria and other microorganisms away, thus preventing significant infection. D. The veins and arteries at the injury site constrict and platelets aggregate, which stops bleeding and causes a temporary increase in the size of the wound.
A
Which of the following should NOT be used as an occlusive dressing? A. Gauze pads B. Vaseline gauze C. Aluminum foil D. Plastic
A
Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? A. Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. B. Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body. C. Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal. D. With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity.
A
Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct? A. Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage. B. Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon. C. The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound. D. The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage.
A
Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct? A. External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive. B. The degree of internal injury can often be estimated by the external injury. C. It is important to distinguish between entrance and exit wounds in the field. D. The depth of a penetrating injury should be thoroughly assessed by the EMT.
A
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: A. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. B. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one. C. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one. D. carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside
A
A (n) ______ is usually associated with extensive tissue damage. A. contusion B. hematoma C. crushing injury D. avulsion
B
A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has: A. internal hemorrhage. B. compartment syndrome. C. a severe closed fracture. D. damage to the radial nerve.
B
A 33 year old male sustained an abnormal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound? A. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position. B. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing. C. Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing. D. Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport.
B
A 5-year-old boy was burned when he pulled a barbecue pit over on himself. He has partial and full-thickness burns to his anterior chest and circumferentially on both arms. What percentage of his body surface area has been burned? A. 18% B. 27% C. 36% D. 45%
B
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: A. second-degree burn B. first-degree burn C. partial-thickness burn D. third-degree burn
B
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: A. third-degree burn. B. first-degree burn. C. second-degree burn D. partial-thickness burn
B
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n): A. abrasion. B. contusion. C. hematoma. D. crush injury.
B
A hematoma develops when: A. small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis. B. large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged. C. severe swelling compromises arterial circulation. D. cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged.
B
A laceration: A. is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue. B. is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. C. rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle. D. is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel.
B
A young male was struck in the forearm with a baseball and complains of pain to the area. Slight swelling and ecchymosis are present, but no external bleeding. What type of injury does this describe? A. abrasion B. contusion C. hematoma D. avulsion
B
A(n) ______ occurs whenever a large blood vessel is damaged and bleeds. A. contusion B. hematoma C. crushing injury D. avulsion
B
An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n): A. incision. B. avulsion. C. laceration. D. amputation.
B
As the cells on the surface of the skin are worn away, now cells form in the _____ layer. A. dermal B. germinal C. epidermal D. subcutaneous
B
Burns are diffuse soft-tissue injuries created by destructive energy transfers from all of the following sources EXCEPT: A. thermal sources B. kinetic sources C. radiation sources D. electrical sources
B
Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hoarseness. B. chest pressure. C. singed nasal hair. D. soot around the mouth.
B
During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct? A. You should contact the police and have the patients arrested. B. The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection. C. The patient struck in the mouth should be immobilized. D. The 44-year-old female is at high risk for an infection.
B
During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should: A. perform a focused physical exam of his abdomen. B. administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport. C. place him in a sitting position and give him oxygen. D. conclude that he is experiencing intracranial bleeding.
B
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: A. handgun. B. shotgun. C. .22-caliber pistol. D. .357 magnum.
B
Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following EXCEPT: A. prevention of contamination B. immobilization of the injury C. protection from further injury D. control of external hemorrhage
B
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: A. nerve fiber damage B. an air embolism C. an ischemic stroke D. a spinal fracture
B
In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage: A. an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient. B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground. C. the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry. D. the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity.
B
Open soft-tissue wounds include all of the following EXCEPT: A. abrasions B. contusions C. lacerations D. avulsions
B
The most important consideration when dealing with electrical burns is: A. standard precautions B. scene safety C. level of responsiveness D. airway
B
The primary reason for applying a sterile dressing to an open injury is to: A. prevent contamination. B. control external bleeding. C. reduce the risk of infection. D. minimize any internal bleeding.
B
The skin covering the _____ is quite thick. A. lips B. scalp C. ears D. eyelids
B
The skin regulates temp in a cold environment by: A. secreting sweat through sweat glands B. constricting the blood vessels C. dilating the blood vessels D. increasing the amount of heat that is radiated from the body's surface
B
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body? A. dermis B. epidermis C. muscular layer D. subcutaneous layer
B
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child? A. superficial burn that covers 25% of the BSA B. any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body C. partial-thickness burn that covers 10% of the BSA D. any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior part of the body
B
Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? A. avulsion B. abrasion C. incision D. laceration
B
Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? A. With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity. B. Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. C. Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body. D. Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal.
B
Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct? A. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin. B. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. C. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced. D. The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection.
B
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? A. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA. B. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. C. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA. D. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA.
B
_____ is an acute, potentially fatal viral infection of the central nervous system that affects all warm-blooded animals. A. Streptococcus B. Rabies C. Tuberculosis D.Emboli
B
______ burns cause intense pain. A. First-degree B. Second-degree C. Superficial D. Third-degree
B
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. B. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. C. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. D. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device.
C
A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should: A. perform a neurologic exam. B. palpate his radial pulses. C. administer high-flow oxygen. D. apply ice to the hematoma.
C
A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned? A. 18% B. 27% C. 30% D. 36%
C
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: A. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. B. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing. C. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. D. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing.
C
A laceration: A. is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue. B. is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel. C. is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. D. rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle.
C
A(n) _____ occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body for a long period of time. A. contusion B. hematoma C. crushing injury D. avulsion
C
An open neck injury may result in ______ if enough air is sucked into a blood vessel. A. hypovolemic shock B. trachael deviation C. air embolism D. subcutaneous emphysema
C
Closed soft-tissue injuries are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. pain at the site of the injury B. swelling beneath the skin C. damage of the protective layer of skin D. a history of blunt trauma
C
During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because: A. there is a substantial decrease in the number of platelets in and around the wound, which increases the risk of bleeding. B. histamines released by the immune system constrict the blood vessels, which increases the pressure within them. C. new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries. D. bacteria and other microorganisms invade the wound site and damage the capillaries, which makes them more prone to bleeding.
C
Functions of the skin include all of the following EXCEPT: A. sending information to the brain B. regulation of body temp C. the production of key antibodies D. maintenance of water balance
C
Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. maintenance of water balance. B. regulation of body temperature. C. the production of key antibodies. D. sending information to the brain.
C
In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human: A. is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner. B. typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading. C. carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses. D. is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection.
C
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? A. a semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest B. an apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen C. a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back D. a conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye
C
More extensive closed injuries may involve significant swelling and bleeding beneath the skin, which could lead to: A. compartment syndrome B. contamination C. hypovolemic shock D. hemothorax
C
Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because: A. blister formation protects the burn. B. he or she is generally not conscious. C. the nerve endings have been destroyed. D. subcutaneous vessels are usually clotted.
C
The MOST appropriate way to dress and bandage an open abdominal wound with a loop of bowel protruding from it is to: A. cover the wound with a dry, sterile dressing and apply firm pressure. B. apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and apply firm pressure. C. apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and secure with an occlusive dressing. D. carefully replace the protruding bowel into the abdomen and cover the wound.
C
The _____ is (are) our first line of defense against external forces. A. extremities B. hair C. skin D. lips
C
Treatment for an abdominal evisceration includes: A. pushing the exposed organs back into the abdominal cavity B. covering the organs with dry dressings C. flexing the knees and legs to relieve pressure on the abdomen D. applying moist, adherent dressings
C
When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to: A. manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture. B. assess circulation distal to the site of the injury. C. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries. D. recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken.
C
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? A. scalp B. back C. ears D. soles of the feet
C
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient? A. superficial burn to 30% of the BSA B. full-thickness burn to 1% of the BSA C. partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA D. second-degree burn covering 10% of the BSA
C
Which of the following statements regarding chemical burns is FALSE? A. Most chemical burns are caused by strong acids or alkalis. B. Fumes of strong chemicals can cause burns to the respiratory tract. C. Prior to removing a dry chemical, flush the area with sterile water. D. Do not attempt to neutralize an acid burn with an alkaline chemical.
C
With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the: A. head is proportionately smaller than an adult's. B. thorax is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's. D. arms are proportionately larger than an adult's.
C
You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with: A. performing a detailed secondary assessment to locate all of her injuries. B. assessing the bruises that overlie major organs in the chest and abdomen. C. the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally. D. obtaining a complete set of vital signs to rule out the possibility of shock.
C
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: A. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one. B. carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside. C. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. D. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one.
C
______ burns involve only the epidermis. A. Full-thickness B. Second-degree C. Superficial D. Third-degree
C
_______ burns may involve the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone or internal organs. A. Superficial B. Partial-thickness C. Full-thickness D. Second-degree
C
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound? A. Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing. B. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position. C. Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport. D. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.
D
A compression injury that is severe enough to cut off blood flow below the injury is called: A. a contusion. B. a hematoma. C. a local thrombus. D. compartment syndrome.
D
A hematoma can result from: A. a soft-tissue injury B. a fracture C. any injury to a large blood vessel D. all of the above
D
A laceration may be: A. linear B. deep C. jagged D. all of the above
D
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: A. epidermis. B. fatty layer. C. muscle fascia. D. dermal layer.
D
A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to: A. remove the kickstand in a circular motion and apply a dry, sterile dressing. B. cut the kickstand off just above the skin, and stabilize it with sterile dressings. C. leave the kickstand attached to the bike until the physician can remove it safely. D. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.
D
An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. ask the child's father to try to locate the dog. C. advise the child that he will need rabies shots. D. report the incident to the appropriate authorities.
D
An abdominal evisceration: A. is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma. B. should be covered with bulky dry, sterile dressings. C. often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss. D. occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.
D
Because shootings usually end up in court, it is important to factually and completely document: A. the circumstances surrounding any gunshot injury B. the patient's condition C. the treatment given D. all of the above
D
Before you begin caring for a patient with an open wound, you should: A. survey the scene B. follow standard precautions C. be sure the patient has an open airway D. all of the above
D
Burns may result from: A. heat B. toxic chemicals C. electricity D. all of the above
D
Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because: A. pediatric patients are more prone to hyperthermia. B. most burns in children are the result of child abuse. C. pediatric patients have a proportionately larger volume of blood. D. pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.
D
Factors that can aid in determining the severity of a burn include: A. the depth of the burn B. the extent of the burn C. whether critical areas are involved D. all of the above
D
Significant airway burns may be associated with: A. singeing of the hair within the nostrils B. hoarseness C. hypoxia D. all of the above
D
Splinting an extremity even when there is no fracture can help to: A. reduce pain B. minimize damage to an already-injured extremity C. make it easier to move the patient D. all of the above
D
The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is: A. a lack of pain despite the severity of the injury. B. extreme redness to the injury site. C. a bounding pulse distal to the injury. D. pain out of proportion to the injury.
D
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that: A. facilitates shedding of the epidermis. B. pulls the hair erect when you are cold. C. discharges sweat onto the skin's surface. D. waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.
D
Treatment of electrical burns includes: A. maintaining the airway B. monitoring the patient closely for respiratory or cardiac arrest C. splinting any suspected injuries D. all of the above
D
Using elastic bandages to secure dressing may result in _____ if the injury swells or if the bandages are applied improperly. A. additional tissue damage B. loss of a limb C. impaired circulation D. all of the above
D
What effects will the application of an ice pack have on a hematoma? A. vasodilation and reduction of pain B. vasodilation and decreased bleeding C. vasodilation and reduction of swelling D. vasoconstriction and decreased bleeding
D
When a person is exposed to a cold environment: A. sweat is produced and is warmed when the vessels constrict. B. blood vessels dilate and divert blood to the core of the body. C. the skin becomes flushed secondary to peripheral vasodilation. D. peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.
D
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should: A. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution. B. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water. C. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical. D. brush away the chemical before flushing with water.
D
When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should: A. immerse the affected part in warm water. B. rupture any blisters to prevent an infection. C. cover the burn with a moist, sterile dressing. D. avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.
D
Which of the following is considered a severe burn? A. any full-thickness burn B. 20% partial-thickness burn C. 10% full-thickness burn with abrasions D. 5% full-thickness burn with a fracture
D
Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn? A. area(s) burned B. age of the patient C. past medical history D. known drug allergies
D
Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct? A. Severe burns involving the airway have a 100% mortality rate. B. The majority of severe burns involve full-thickness burns only. C. Patients with severe burns are especially prone to hyperthermia. D. Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.
D
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with: A. treating him for hypothermia. B. preventing the risk of infection. C. estimating the extent of his burns. D. the potential for airway swelling.
D