Chapter 27 Fluid Electrolyte, and Acid-Base

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood? A) epinephrine B) ADH C) ANP D) PTH E) angiotensin II

B) ADH

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained, A) there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. B) osmosis moves water from the ICE to the ECF. C) the osmolarity of the ECF falls. D) both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. E) both B and D

B) osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF.

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are A) sodium, potassium, and calcium. B) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. C) sodium, potassium, and phosphate. D) sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate. E) sodium, hydrogen, and chloride.

B) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

5) Hypoventilation leads to A) metabolic acidosis. B) respiratory alkalosis. C) metabolic alkalosis. D) respiratory acidosis.

D) respiratory acidosis.

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are A) potassium, hydrogen, and chloride. B) potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. C) proteins, potassium, and phosphate. D) sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate. E) sodium, potassium, and calcium.

C) proteins, potassium, and phosphate.

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of A) chronic respiratory alkalosis. B) chronic respiratory acidosis. C) acute respiratory acidosis. D) chronic metabolic acidosis.

D) chronic metabolic acidosis.

Prolonged vomiting can result in A) respiratory acidosis. B) metabolic acidosis. C) respiratory alkalosis. D) metabolic alkalosis.

D) metabolic alkalosis.

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by A) causing the release of ADH. B) stimulating thirst. C) triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone D) both A and B. E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

4) The primary role of the carbonicacid-bicarbonate buffer system is to A) buffer the urine. B) buffer stomach acid. C) increase ventilation. D) buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. E) limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.

E) limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.

Which hormone(s) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume? A) aldosterone B) ADH C) PTH D) acetylcholine E) natriuretic peptides

E) natriuretic peptides