Chapter 27 recharge questions

Select all that apply Which are water-soluble vitamins? E B C K A D

B C

True or false: Cholesterol is found primarily in plant-based products. True false question. True False

False

True or false: Our body can synthesize most of the needed vitamins and minerals. True False

False

Which is a category of vitamins? Integral and peripheral Fat-soluble and water-soluble Hypertonic and hypotonic Essential and Trace

Fat-soluble and water-soluble

Match each mineral with its function(s) in the human body. Instructions Fe. Ca I Zn binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS blood clotting, bone formation integral part of thyroid hormone protein synthesis wound healing

Fe: binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS Ca: blood clotting, bone formation I: integral part of thyroid hormone Zn: Protein synthesis wound healing

______ delivers cholesterol from the liver to the cells where they are engulfed via receptor-mediated endocytosis. VLDLs LDLs HDLs

LDLs

______ are considered the "bad cholesterol" while ______ are considered the "good cholesterol". LDLs; HDLs HDLs; LDLs VLDLs; HDLs LDLs; VLDLs

LDLs; HDLs

True or false: All minerals are obtained from the diet. True False

True

Determine if each vitamin is water-soluble or lipid-soluble. Vitamin B Vitamin A

Vitamin B: water-soluble Vitamin A: lipid-soluble

Poultry is an example of ______ protein. an incomplete a complete

a complete

Your father's annual physical exam shows he has a low level of HDLs. This concerns you because you know this puts him at increased risk for ______. anemia emphysema a heart attack low blood pressure

a heart attack

If you have breakfast at 7 AM, your body is in the ______ state until 11 AM. postabsorptive absorptive quasi-absorptive pre-absorptive

absorptive

Which factors can influence your nutrient requirements? age, gender, body mass age, body mass, culture gender, body mass, wealth age, gender, nationality

age, gender, body mass

The total metabolic rate is calculated by adding the ______________ metabolic rate to the metabolism required for physical activity.

basal

If you don't eat for 12 hours then rest comfortably at room temperature, the amount of energy your body is using is your ______. static metabolic rate total metabolic rate active metabolic rate basal metabolic rate

basal metabolic rate

The most important factor affecting a person's basal metabolic rate is their ______. stress level body surface area gender age

body surface area

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius is called a ____________.

calorie

Nutrients provide energy to the body in the form of a ___________.

calories

What is the name of a water-filled chamber into which a person is placed, so that changes in water temperature can be recorded in order to estimate their BMR? spirometer calorimeter respirometer

calorimeter

Select all that apply BMR can be measured using which instruments? respirometer bioelectrical impedance skin fold caliper calorimeter

calorimeter repirometer

Select all that apply Which are metabolic functions of the liver? carbohydrate metabolism electrolyte balance production of essential amino acids lipid metabolism detoxification

carbohydrate metabolism lipid metabolism detoxification

Once a triglyceride is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, the fatty acids are broken down into acetyl CoA and then enter which stage of cellular respiration? glycolysis citric acid cycle intermediate stage electron transport system

citric acid cycle

he temperature of your head and torso is your _________ body temperature.

core

Iron is an integral component of which of the following? hydroxyapatite of bone cytochromes in the electron transport chain blood clotting factors muscle contraction

cytochromes in the electron transport chain

In which stage of cellular respiration is the energy carried by FADH2 and NADH converted into ATP? glycolysis intermediate stage citric acid cycle electron transport system

electron transport sytem

A calorie is a measure of ______. pressure temperature energy

energy

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of ______ to keep the body functioning. pressure needed energy expended calories consumed

energy expended

While you are sleeping, your body must rely on stored nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis, so you are in the ____________ state.

fasting

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are ______-soluble vitamins. water fat

fat

The _____________ state includes the time from which you eat a meal until the time you absorb the nutrients and generally lasts about four hours.

fed, absorptive, digestive

Select all that apply What are the four food categories found on MyPlate? fats dairy fruits grains proteins carbohydrates vegetables meat

fruits vegetable grains proteins

On the USDA MyPlate, one-half of the plate is taken up by ______. vegetables and carbohydrates fruits and protein fruits and vegetables protein and dairy

fruits and vegetables

Select all that apply Minerals serve many functions in the human body including which of the following? beta oxidation of fats blood clotting binding oxygen generation of an action potential DNA replication

generation of an action potential blood clotting binding oxygen

In which stage of cellular respiration is a glucose molecule broken down into two pyruvate molecules? intermediate stage glycolysis electron transport system citric acid cycle

glycolysis

Once a triglyceride is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, the glycerol enters cellular respiration in which stage? electron transport system intermediate stage glycolysis citric acid cycle

glycolysis

Place the events of cellular respiration in order. intermediate stage citric acid cycle glycolysis electron transport system

glycolysis intermediate stage citric acid cycle electron transport system

Match each stage of cellular respiration with its description. glycolysis intermediate stage citric acid cycle electron transport system Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid. Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA Energy in NADH and FADH2 is used to make ATP Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates

glycolysis: Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates intermediate stage: Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA citric acid cycle: Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid. electron transport system: Energy in NADH and FADH2 is used to make ATP

Select all that apply Your core body temperature is the temperature of which body parts? head torso legs arms hands feet

head torso

Total metabolic rate is ______ than basal metabolic rate. higher lower

higher

The "thermostat" of our body that regulates our body temperature is the ______. pituitary gland hypothalamus pons pineal gland

hypothalamus

An increase in metabolic rate will cause a subsequent ______________ in body temperature.

increase

An increase in thyroid hormone levels will cause a(n) ______ in body temperature. increase decrease

increase

During the absorptive state of digestion, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids are ______. decreasing remaining stable increasing

increasing

Minerals are ______ ions. inorganic negatively charged unstable organic

inorganic

The ability to change one type of nutrient biomolecule into another is known as __________.

interconversion

If someone is on a high protein, low carb diet (such as the Atkins diet), how does their body ensure enough glucose still gets to the brain? oxidative phosphorylation deamination of amino acids interconversion of protein to glucose beta oxidation of fatty acids

interconversion of protein to glucose

What mineral binds oxygen in red blood cells and binds electrons in the electron transport chain? magnesium calcium iodine iron

iron

Select all that apply Which are minerals? iron albumin bicarbonate ferritin calcium zinc

iron, calcium, zinc

If you consume more cholesterol in your diet, your liver will respond by synthesizing ______ cholesterol. the same amount of more less

less

Drug detoxification is a function of the ______. skin kidney spleen liver

liver

What is the largest internal organ that has several hundred functions including bile production and serving as a glucose "bank"? stomach pancreas liver

liver

Which organ is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins plus plays a central role in the transport of lipids throughout the body? pancreas liver spleen brain

liver

Which blood cholesterol levels would indicate an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease? (select all that apply) low HDLs high HDLs high total cholesterol high LDLs low LDLs low total cholesterol

low HDLs high total cholesterol high LDLs

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) have ______ cholesterol levels than low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). lower higher

lower

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat ______. cheese eggs meat milk

meat

A decrease in _______________ rate will result in a decrease in body temperature.

metabolic

The _______________ rate is a measure of how much energy is used by the body in a given amount of time.

metabolic

The amount of energy used by the body in a set amount of time is known as the ______ rate. kinetic metabolic energetic caloric

metabolic

According to MyPlate, you should consume ______ vegetables than fruits. more less

more

Your New Year's resolution is to drastically reduce the amount of cholesterol in your diet by eating less meat and more fruits and vegetables. After a few months, your liver will respond by producing ______ cholesterol. no less more

more

In 2011, the USDA replaced the food pyramid with ______ to help people see the proportions and types of foods they need to eat in order to stay healthy. food circle four squares my Plate diet triangle

myPlate

In addition to supplying our body with amino acids, proteins are a good source of ______. nitrogen sodium calcium iron

nitrogen

The digestive system absorbs biomolecules, vitamins, and minerals, which are collectively referred to as _________________.

nutrients

The study of how living organisms obtain the nutrients required in order to survive is called ____________.

nutrition

Which are dietary sources of protein? table salt nuts fruits dark green leafy vegetables fish beans

nuts fish beans

Vitamins are ______. inorganic organic

organic

The USDA now uses an image of a ______ to visually show the proportions of each food type that should be in a healthy diet. fork four squares plate pyramid

plate

Carbohydrates that are made of long chains of simple sugars are called ________________.

polysaccharides

Select all that apply Fatty acids are separated into which groups? polyunsaturated fatty acids tetricunsaturated fatty acids unsaturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids

polyunsaturated fatty acids unsaturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids

The time between meals, when your body is relying on stored nutrients, is the ______ state. pre-absorptive postabsorptive semi-absorptive absorptive

postabsorptive

Select all that apply Which are functions of the liver? production of most digestive enzymes production of bile production of red blood cells production of clotting proteins storing glucose

production of clotting proteins storing glucose production of bile

Because lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble in blood, they must be transported throughout the body bound to a(n) ______. protein carbohydrate globin ion

protein

Which nutrient is a good source of nitrogen? protein carbohydrate lipid vitamins

protein

The most informative cholesterol blood test is ______. ratio of HDL to LDL total LDL total HDL total cholesterol

ratio of HDL to LDL

Core body temperature ______. tends to fluctuate remains stable

remains stable

Milk and cheese are sources of ______ fatty acids. saturated unsaturated

saturated

Lipids are carried in the blood bound to proteins because ______. they are hydrophobic they are hydrophilic they are amphibolic

they are hydrophobic

Which hormone has the most profound effect on body temperature? . growth hormone thyroid hormone melatonin aldosterone

thyroid hormone

Which hormones can influence body temperature? thyroid hormone growth hormone epinephrine oxytocin aldosterone melatonin

thyroid hormone growth hormone epinephrine

The ______ metabolic rate is the amount of energy used by the body including that needed for physical activity. basal exercise kinetic total

total

Our body requires only small amounts of what type of mineral? nonessential complete major trace

trace

Fats and oils are dietary sources of ______. monosaccharides triglycerides amino acids nucleic acids

triglycerides

Fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids are called ____________.

triglycerides

Select all that apply If our body starts to get too cold, the hypothalamus will initiate which of the following? sweat gland secretion vasoconstriction in the extremities shivering vasodilation

vasoconstriction in the extremities shivering

If our body starts to get too warm, our hypothalamus stimulates the sweat glands and ______. vasodilation decreases heart rate decreases respiratory rate vasoconstriction

vasodilation

The USDA MyPlate includes which of the following categories of food? . vegetables, grains, meat fruits, grains, carbohydrates vegetables, fruits, grains vegetables, fruits, lipids

vegetables, fruits, grains

Organic molecules which are required for normal metabolism but are only present in small amounts in food are called __________.

vitamins

It is especially important to have a varied diet in order to ensure you meet your body's need for ______. amino acids and vitamins vitamins and carbohydrates lipids and minerals vitamins and minerals

vitamins and minerals