Chapter 28: Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion

By what age does birth length usually double? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years

c. 4 years

The intrauterine environment can have a profound and permanent effect on the developing fetus with or without chromosome or gene abnormalities. Most adverse intrauterine effects are the result of teratogens. The nurse is cognizant that this group of agents does not include: a. Accutane b. Rubella c. Amniotic bands d. Alcohol

c. Amniotic bands

In what type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative

c. Associative

Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason? a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or deficits. b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development. c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood. d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.

c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.

Which strategy would be the least appropriate for a child to use to cope? a. Learning problem solving b. Listening to music c. Having parents solve problems d. Using relaxation techniques

c. Having parents solve problems

Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development? a. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior b. Inability to put oneself in another's place c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes d. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions

c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes

Which statement is true about toy safety? a. Adults should be the only ones who select toys. b. Adults should be alert to notices of recalls by manufacturers. c. Government agencies inspect all toys on the market. d. Evaluation of toy safety is a joint effort between children and adults.

b. Adults should be alert to notices of recalls by manufacturers.

The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play? a. Kimberly and Amanda sharing clay to each make things b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck c. Adam playing a board game with Kyle, Steven, and Erich d. Danielle playing with a music box on her mother's lap

b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck

A mother reports that her 6-year-old child is highly active and irritable and that she has irregular habits and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. According to Chess and Thomas, which category of temperament best describes this child? a. Easy child c. Slow-to-warm-up child b. Difficult child c. Slow-to-warm-up child d. Fast-to-warm-up child

b. Difficult child

By the time children reach their twelfth birthday, they should have learned to trust others and should have developed a sense of: a. Identity. b. Industry. c. Integrity d. Intimacy.

b. Industry.

Which statement is true about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children? a. It is reduced by fever. b. It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages. c. It increases with the age of child. d. It decreases as proportion of surface area to body mass increases.

b. It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages.

How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys? a. It occurs earlier in boys. b. It occurs earlier in girls. c. It is about the same in both boys and girls. d. In both boys and girls it depends on their growth in infancy.

b. It occurs earlier in girls.

The karyotype of a person is 47, XY, +21. This person is a: a. Normal male. b. Male with Down syndrome. c. Normal female d. Female with Turner syndrome.

b. Male with Down syndrome.

Which "expected outcome" would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-year-old child? a. The child will be dressed and fed by the parents. b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs. c. The child will be able to verbalize an understanding of the reason for the hospitalization. d. The child will have a parent stay in the room at all times.

b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.

What is characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development? a. Thinking is logical. b. Thinking is concrete. c. Reasoning is inductive d. Generalizations can be made.

b. Thinking is concrete

The head-to-tail direction of growth is referred to as: a. Cephalocaudal b. Proximodistal c. Mass to Specific d. Sequential.

a. Cephalocaudal.

The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need resolution is: a. Erikson. b. Freud. c. Kohlberg d. Piaget.

a. Erikson.

What is probably the single most important influence on growth at all stages of development? a. Nutrition b. Heredity c. Culture d. Environment

a. Nutrition

Which term refers to those times in an individual's life when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences? a. Sensitive period b. Sequential period c. Terminal Points d. Differentiation points

a. Sensitive period

The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old daughter. What should the nurse recognize as evidence that the child is developing object permanence? a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket. b. She returns the blocks to the same spot on the table. c. She recognizes that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out. d. She bangs two cubes held in her hands.

a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket.

At what age do children tend to imitate the religious gestures and behaviors of others without understanding their significance? a. Toddlerhood b. Young school-age period c. Older school-age period d. Adolescence

a. Toddlerhood

Which function of play is a major component of play at all ages? a. Creativity b. Socialization c. Intellectual development d. Sensorimotor activity

d. Sensorimotor activity

Lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes are: a. Adult size by age 1 year. b. Adult size by age 13 years. c. Half their adult size by age 5 years. d. Twice their adult size by age 10 to 12 years.

d. Twice their adult size by age 10 to 12 years.

What factors indicate that parents should seek genetic counseling for their child (Select all that apply)? a. Abnormal newborn screen b. Family history of a hereditary disease c. History of hypertension in the family d. Severe colic as an infant e. Metabolic disorder

A, B, E

Play serves many purposes. In teaching parents about appropriate activities, the nurse should inform them that play serves the following function (Select all that apply): a. Intellectual development b. Physical development c. Self-awareness d. Creativity e. Temperament development

A, C, D

A nurse is preparing to administer a Denver II. Which statement(s) about the Denver II test is (are) accurate (Select all that apply)? a. All items intersected by the age line should be administered. b. There is no correction for a child born prematurely. c. The tool is an intelligence test. d. Toddlers and preschoolers should be prepared by presenting the test as a game. e. Presentation of the toys from the kit should be done one at a time.

A, D, E

An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 d. 21

d. 21

According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. What is most characteristic of a preschooler's stage of moral development? a. Obeying the rules of correct behavior is important. b. Showing respect for authority is important behavior. c. Behavior that pleases others is considered good. d. Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.

d. Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.

A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will become. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on knowing that: a. Growth cannot be predicted. b. The pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year. c. Mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. d. Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.

d. Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.

Three children playing a board game would be an example of: a. Solitary play b. Parallel play c. Associative Play d. Cooperative play

d. Cooperative play

Trauma to which site can result in a growth problem for children's long bones? a. Matrix b. Connective tissue c. Calcified cartilage d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate

d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate

The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of the child ages 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. What best describes this concept? a. Selfishness b. Self-centeredness c. Preferring to play alone d. Inability to put self in another's place

d. Inability to put self in another's place

A child's skeletal age is best determined by: a. Assessment of dentition. b. Assessment of height over time. c. Facial bone development d. Radiographs of the hand and wrist.

d. Radiographs of the hand and wrist.

A toddler playing with sand and water would be participating in _____ play. a. Skill b. Dramatic c. Social-affective d. Sense-pleasure

d. Sense-pleasure