Chapter 3 Biology - Cell Structure and Function

Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

Archaea, Eubacteria

Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize _______ during a process called photosynthesis.

Carbohydrates

Which enzyme found within the peroxisome functions to degrade hydrogen peroxide?

Catalase

Which theory states that all organisms are made up of cells that are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting living cells?

Cell theory

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called

chloroplast

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _______, such as beta-hexosaminidase.

enzymes

The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the

nucleus

The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called

organelles

Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids and contain an enzyme to break down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct of this metabolism, are called

peroxisomes

The _______ membrane separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

plasma

Examples of cells that are prokaryotic:

bacterial and archaeal

One meter is equal to how many millimeters (mm)?

1,000

Which two statements are part of the cell theory?

1. All cells come from pre-existing cells. 2. All organisms are made up of cells.

One millimeter (mm) is equal to how many micrometers (μm)?

1000

Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce:

ATP

Which molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes?

ATP

Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system? Centriole Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vesicles The nuclear envelope Chloroplasts

Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vesicles Nuclear Envelope

Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus?

Eukaryotes only

True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall.

False

Which organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and then repackages them for export in secretory vesicles?

Golgi Apparatus

Due to a mutation in the HEXA gene, a substance called GM2, normally present in the tissues and nerve cells of the brain, accumulates there. This mutation mainly effects enzymes associated with which organelle in an affected individuals' cells?

Lysosomes

Which organelle is formed in the Golgi apparatus?

Lysosomes

Which two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use?

Mitochondria; chloroplast

A >>> B >>> C >>> D >>>

Nucleoid Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule

Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus

Which material is found in the cells walls of fungi?

Peptidoglycan

Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis

A >>> B >>> C >>>

Ribosome Fimbriae Flagellum

True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain organelles.

True

The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the

cell

The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the

cells.

The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called

cellulose

The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called ______. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called ______.

chromatin; chromosomes

Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form

chromosomes

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the

endomembrane system

All eukaryotic cells convert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the

mitochondria

The main cellular structure that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell is the

plasma membrane

The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with:

ribosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:

ribosomes