Chapter 3 - Ethical Guidelines - Exam 3

*In many cases, researchers do not fully disclose the purpose of the study to reduce _____________ characteristics where the participants may alter their behavior based on their perception of the study's purpose or hypothesis.*

*demand*

*These studies have the smallest amount of risk involved.*

*exempt*

*These studies involve minimal risk.*

*expedited*

*These studies have the highest amount of risk.*

*full review*

*Debriefing means*

*fully explaining the purpose of the study (including any deception that may have been involved) and providing an opportunity for participants to ask questions about the study.*

*As part of the respect for person's aspect of the Belmont Report, it is recommended that researchers*

*include an informed consent process*

*Informed consent involves*

*informing participants about what they will experience in a study.*

*Fair selection of participants is covered by the __________ principle.*

*justice*

*In Milgram's (1963) study of obedience, results showed that*

*most of the participants were willing to "shock" the confederate at the highest level.*

*Expedited studies need be reviewed by only _________ member of the IRB, which speeds the process of review.*

*one*

*Researchers conducting studies with non-human animal subjects are responsible for all but which:*

*releasing animals into the wild at the completion of the study*

*Informed consent is an important element of this principle.*

*respect for persons*

*In the Zimbardo (1973) prison study, the independent variable was*

*role assignment (prisoner or guard).*

*A confederate is*

*someone who is part of the study, but acts as if they are a participant.*

*In 1932, in Tuskegee, Alabama, the U.S. Public Health Service began a research study to investigate the course of _______ in the human male.*

*syphilis*

*The first APA ethical code was based on*

*the Nuremberg code*

*The Zimbardo (1973) prison study resulted in all but which:*

*the study being extended because of adverse effects on the participants*

*Zimbardo had planned for the prison experiment to take place over ___ weeks.*

*two*

*Which of the following would not be a violation of ethical guidelines for conducting research with animal subjects?*

*use of chimpanzees*

*Plagiarism can be*

intentional or unintentional

*A risk-benefit analysis involves*

*showing that the benefits of a study outweigh the risks.*

*There are ____categories of review by IRBs.*

*three*

*Which of the following would violate ethical standards for psychological research?*

*using another author's ideas in ones report without citing that author*

*Which of the following is an ethical guideline that must be followed when research with human participants is conducted?*

*The benefit of the research to the participant must outweigh the risks.*

*The Nuremberg trials were held between*

*1945 and 1949*

*About ____% of animal studies in psychology involve primates.*

*5*

*Only about ____% of all psychological research involves animal subjects, mostly with bird and rodent subjects.*

*8*

*What is the purpose of an Institutional Review Board?*

*An IRB oversees research conducted at an institution to ensure adherence to ethical guidelines. Research is reviewed before it is conducted for approval by the IRB.*

*The __________ Act provides specific standards for the acquisition, housing, and care of animals in the United States.*

*Animal Welfare*

*This report lists the responsibilities of researchers as they conduct research with human participants and the rights of those participants before, during, and after a study.*

*Belmont*

*According to ethical guidelines, psychological studies can never involve deception.*

*FALSE*

*Exempt studies are those studies that have the most amount of risk involved.*

*FALSE*

*Researchers must fully inform participants about all aspects of a study before consent is given for participation.*

*FALSE*

*Forcing participants to participate in research without their consent is called*

*coercion*

*Studies with children generally require*

*consent from a parent or guardian.*

*The APA code was the first set of guidelines ever developed for research with human participants.*

*FALSE*

*Describe three ethical guidelines that researchers must follow when conducting research with human participants.*

*Informed consent, confidentiality, right to withdraw, risk-benefit analysis, minimizing unnecessary risks.*

*The IRB equivalent for research with nonhuman animal subjects is the*

*Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee*

*Describe three ethical guidelines that researchers must follow when conducting research with non-human animal subjects.*

*Justification of study and use of animals, training of personnel, care of animals during and after the study, ethically obtaining the subjects.*

*Explain why ethical guidelines are important for psychological research studies.*

*Subjectivity of researchers, past ethical problems in research, or importance of protection of participants and subjects.*

*Animals are often used as subjects when study procedures are considered too invasive or difficult to conduct with human participants.*

*TRUE*

*Animals not bred by the researcher's institution must be obtained in a manner that follows USDA regulations and local ordinances.*

*TRUE*

*Researchers are responsible for ensuring that all participants have a fair chance of receiving potentially beneficial treatments in research.*

*TRUE*

*Researchers must give animals anesthesia during surgical procedures.*

*TRUE*

*Studies with the highest amount of risk receive full review by the IRB, meaning that each member of the IRB will review the research proposal.*

*TRUE*

*The APA Ethics Code (APA, 2002) indicates that only trained and experienced personnel may be involved in research with animal subjects.*

*TRUE*

*Animals not bred by the researcher's institution must be obtained in a manner that follows ______ regulations.*

*USDA*

*What is plagiarism and provide an example?*

*Use of someone else's ideas or words without giving them proper credit.*

*Adherence to ethical guidelines in psychological studies with humans is currently monitored by*

*a review board at each institution where research is conducted (IRB).*

*___________refers to the reduction of risk of harm to the participants as compared with the benefit of the study.*

*beneficence*