Chapter 3 Exam Review
Refer to the exhibit. HostA is attempting to contact ServerB. Which two statements correctly describe the addressing that HostA will generate in the process?
-A frame with the destination MAC address of RouterA. -A packet with the destination IP address of ServerB. *In order to send data to ServerB, HostA will generate a packet that contains the IP address of the destination device on the remote network and a frame that contains the MAC address of the default gateway device on the local network.*
What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?
A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data. *An advantage of network devices implementing open standard protocols, such as from the TCP/IP suite, is that clients and servers running different operating systems can communicate with each other. Open standard protocols facilitate innovation and competition between vendors and across markets, and can reduce the occurrence of monopolies in networking markets.*
A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?
HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet *1. HTTP governs the way that a web server and client interact.* *2. TCP manages individual conversations between web servers and clients.* *3. IP is responsible for delivery across the best path to the destination.* *4. Ethernet takes the packet from IP and formats it for transmission.*
What is an advantage of using standards to develop and implement protocols?
Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully. *Standards-based protocols enable products from different manufacturers to interoperate successfully. Standards-based protocols enable many manufacturers to implement that protocol. If different manufacturers implement different requirements within the same protocol, then their products will not be interoperable.*
What will happen if the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host?
The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks. *When a host needs to send a message to another host located on the same network, it can forward the message directly. However, when a host needs to send a message to a remote network, it must use the router, also known as the default gateway. This is because the data link frame address of the remote destination host cannot be used directly. Instead, the IP packet has to be sent to the router (default gateway) and the router will forward the packet toward its destination. Therefore, if the default gateway is incorrectly configured, the host can communicate with other hosts on the same network, but not with hosts on remote networks.*
EIA
The organization promotes the open development, evolution, and use of the internet throughout the world
Which statement is correct about network protocols?
They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination. *Network protocols are implemented in hardware, or software, or both. They interact with each other within different layers of a protocol stack. Protocols have nothing to do with the installation of the network equipment. Network protocols are required to exchange information between source and destination devices in both local and remote networks.*
ISOC
This organization is responsible for overseeing and managing IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers.
ISO
This organization is the largest developer of international standards in the world for a wide variety of products and services. It is known for its Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model
Which address does a NIC use when deciding whether to accept a frame?
destination MAC address
Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host?
frame *When received at the physical layer of a host, the bits are formatted into a frame at the data link layer. A packet is the PDU at the network layer. A segment is the PDU at the transport layer. A file is a data structure that may be used at the application layer.*
Application Protocol
governing the way a web server and a web client interact
Transport Protocol
managing the individual conversations between web servers and web clients
At which layer of the OSI model would a logical address be added during encapsulation?
network layer *Logical addresses, also known as IP addresses, are added at the network layer. Physical addresses are edded at the data link layer. Port addresses are added at the transport layer. No addresses are added at the physical layer.*
Network Access Protocol
preparing packets to be transmitted over the network media
What are proprietary protocols?
protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation *Proprietary protocols have their definition and operation controlled by one company or vendor. Some of them can be used by different organizations with permission from the owner. The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard, not a proprietary protocol.*
Which PDU is processed when a host computer is de-encapsulating a message at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model?
segment *At the transport layer, a host computer will de-encapsulate a segment to reassemble data to an acceptable format by the application layer protocol of the TCP/IP model.*
Internet Protocol
taking the formatted segments from the transport protocol, encapsulating them into packets, assigning them the appropriate addresses, and delivering them across the best path to the destination host
message sizing
the process of breaking up a long message into individual pieces before being sent over the network
message encoding
the process of converting information from one format into another acceptable for transmission
message encapsulation
the process of placing one message format inside another message format
Network Time Protocol
used to synchronize clocks between computer systems. It is not involved in this case