Chapter 3 Introduction to Probability
Which value below could not be a probability?
-.12
A "sure thing" would have a probability equal to .
1
What are the four types of events
Independent events Dependent events Mutually exclusive events Complementary events
What is a Set?
Set notation is used in probability to describe collections of objects or values that have been defined according to a rule or statement.
In a probability experiment involving the roll of a die, the event "rolling a number greater than five" is a event.
Simple
The access code for a security door consists of four digits. Each digit can be any number from 0 through 9. How many access codes are possible?
10000.0
In the sample space for the probability experiment of rolling a pair of dice, how many outcomes are there?
36
The probability experiment of rolling a single die to see if a number greater than 2 comes up has how many outcomes?
6
Given 4 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 6 green marbles, what are the odds for picking a green marble?
6:9
Which of the following is NOT a probability experiment?
A soccer player scoring a goal
What is an Outcome?
An outcome is the result of a single trial of a probability experiment.
Two events, when combined, make up the entire sample space.
Complementary
The multiplication rule can be applied to events that are _______.
Either dependent or independent
In a probability experiment, the set of all possible outcomes represents the sample space. A subset of those outcomes represents a(n) .
Event
Identify the true statement.
Events that are not mutually exclusive are also not complementary
The events "getting a final grade of A in statistics" and "getting a final grade of C in statistics" are _________.
Mutually exclusive
The multiplication rule can be thought of as _______.
Probability "and"
The addition rule can be thought of as ________.
Probability "or"
What are the three types of probability?
Theoretical probability, aka classical probability Empirical probability Subjective probability
What is not mutually exclusive
Two events that can occur at the same time.
What is a trial ?
can be defined as a single performance of a probability experiment.
What is a Probability experiment
can be defined as a situation involving chance or probability that leads to observable and measurable results called outcomes. A probability experiment could consist of one or many trials where each trial produces one outcome.
What is fundamental counting principle
is a mathematical rule that enables us to find the number of ways a combination or series of independent events can occur.
What is Theoretical Probability?
is based on a theoretical assumption about the nature of the event, in which it is assumed that all n outcomes are equally likely to occur.
What is Subjective Probability
is based on an individual's personal belief about the likelihood of an event occurring.
What is a Sample Space?
is the description of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.
A probability experiment involves chance and leads to an observable and result.
measurable
What is Empirical Probability
or relative frequency probability, is based on the observed outcomes of one or a series of trials.
Probability experiment → trial →
outcome
Probability is key to assessing
the likehood of an event expressed in numerical terms as a fraction, decimal, or percent. probability of zero indicates the event will never happen (or can't happen), while a probability of one indicates it will absolutely happen.
What is dependent event
the probability that one will occur is affected (changed) by the occurrence of the other.
What is independent event
the probability that one will occur is not affected by whether or not the other has occurred.
What is Mutually Exclusive Events
two events they cannot occur at the same time.
What is Complementary events
two outcomes of a trial that are the only two possible outcomes.
One marble is drawn from a jar containing 4 red, 6 blue, and 7 green marbles. What is the sample space?
{red, blue, green}
