Chapter 30, 31, 32

Nitrogen becomes a liquid at ___ F degrees and must be kept that cold to remain a liquid.

-320 F

Pipeline warning signs include...

-a warning symbol -the pipeline owner's name -an emergency contact phone number

Are dry bulk cargo tanks pressurized?

They are not pressurized, but they may use pressure to offload a product.

What kind of pressure does an MC-338 cryogenic tanker carry?

low-pressure

Pesticide bags must be labeled with ___.

specific information

Every pesticide label must include the following statement:

"Keep out of reach of children"

Intermodal tanks can be shipped by any mode of transportation: Air, sea, or land. These horizontal round tanks are surrounded by, or part of, a boxlike steel framework for shipping. Three basic types of intermodal (IM or IMO) tanks are routinely encountered:

-IM-101 containers -IM-102 Containers -Spec 51 or IMO Type 5 Containers

One of the most common chemical tankers is the _____ tanker.

-MC-306/DOT406 Flammable Liquid Tanker

Pesticide bags must be labeled with specific information. Fire fighters can learn a great deal from the label:

-Name of the product -Statement of ingredients -Total amount of product in the container -Manufacturer's name and address -U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration number, which provides proof that the product was registered with the EPA -The EPA establishment number, which shows where the product was manufactured. -Signal words to indicate toxicity of the materials: (Danger:Poison: Highly toxic by all routes of entry. Danger:Severe eye damage or skin irritation. Warning: Moderately toxic. Caution: Minor toxicity and minor eye damage or skin irritation) -Practical first-aid treatment description -Directions for use -Agricultural use requirements -Precautionary statements such as mixing directions or potentially environmental hazards -Storage and disposal information -Classification statement on who may use the product

Large-volume horizontal tanks are common. When stored above ground, these tanks are referred to as: If they are placed underground, they are known as:

-above-ground storage tanks (ASTs) -underground storage tanks (USTs)

USTs and ASTs are usually made of:

-aluminum -steel -plastic

The MC-331 pressure care tanker carries materials such as... The tank has (what shape?) ends, typical of a pressurized vessel, and is commonly constructed of steel with a single tank compartment. The MC-331 operates at a pressure of approximately ___ psi and could be a significant explosion hazard if it accidentally rolls over or is threated by fire.

-ammonia -propane -butane -rounded ends -300 psi

Special-use railcars include: DOT 113 cryogenic rank tank cars carry products that have varying temperatures that are less than ___ F degrees. Products such as oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, and others are shipped via this method to larger industrial facilities that use these materials in everyday industrial processes.

-boxcars -flat cars -corrosive tank cars -high-pressure compressed gas tube cars. 1300 F degrees

Containers may be large or small. Sometimes, smaller containers may be stored and shipped in larger containers. One way to distinguish containers is to divide them into two separate categories:

-bulk storage containers -nonbulk storage vessels

Often, 3 details about a container provide important clues about the nature of the substance inside.

-container type -container size -container material

DOT 111 nonpressurized (general service) railcars typically carry general industrial chemicals, consumer products such as...

-corn syrup -flammable and combustible liquids -mild corrosives

Regarding Recognizing a Hazardous Materials Incident Take time to scan the scene and interpret visual clues such as (List 5) that might help identify the presence of a hazardous location.

-dead animals near the release -discolored pavement -dead grass -visible vapors or puddles -labels

Nonbulk storage vessels can hold volumes ranging from a few ounces to many gallons. They include:

-drums -bags -carboys -compressed gas cylinders -cryogenic containers

Bulk storage containers include: In general, these kinds of containers are found in occupancies that rely on and need to store large quantities of a particular chemical. Most manufacturing facilities have at least (how many?) bulk storage container/s.

-fixed tanks -large transportation tankers -totes -intermodal tanks -one bulk storage container

The MC-307/DOT407 Chemical Hauler is used to transport... Tanks that transport corrosives may have a ___ lining.

-flammable liquids -mild corrosives -posions rubber lining

Drums are used to store a wide varied of substances, including:

-food-grade materials -corrosives -flammable liquids -grease

Drums may be constructed of:

-low-carbon steel -polyethylene -cardboard -stainless steel -nickel -or other hybrid materials

In many areas, large-diameter pipelines transport...

-natural gas -gasoline -diesel fuel -other products from delivery terminals to distribution facilities

There are only three basic railcar configurations that fire fighters should recognize:

-nonpressurized -pressurized -special use

Typical cryogens are:

-oxygen -helium -hydrogen -argon -nitrogen

Dry bulk cargo tanks also are commonly seen on the road and carry dry bulk goods such as...

-powders -pellets -fertilizers -grain

Spec 51 or IMO Type 5 (internationally) containers are high-pressure vessels with internal pressures of ___ psi that carry liquified gases such as:

-several hundred psi -propane and butane

Regarding uses your senses to detect hazardous materials Many hazards can be recognized by (list 3)

-smell -taste -touch

IM-102 containers have a 6000-gallon capacity, with internal working pressures between ___ and ___ psi. They primarily carry:

14 and 30 psi -flammable liquids and corrosives

A typical oxygen cylinder used for medial purposes has a gas pressure reading of approximately ____ psi

2000 psi

IM-101 Containers have a 6000 gallons capacity, with internal working pressures between ____ and ___ psi. These containers typically carry:

25 and 100 psi. -mild corrosives -food-grade products -flammable liquids

Regarding Tube Trailers These large-volume cylinders operate at a pressure of ___ to __ psi; one trailer may carry several different gases in individual tubes. Typically, a valve control box can be found toward the rear of the trailer, and each individual cylinder has its own relief valve. These trailers frequently can be seen at ____ sites or at facilities that use great quantities of these materials.

3000 to 5000 psi construction sites

A carboy is a glass, plastic, or steel container that holds __ to ___ gallons of product. Glass carboys often have a protective wood or fiberglass to help prevent breakage.

5 to 15

Very large compressed gas cylinders found at a fixed facility may have pressure readings of ___ psi or greater.

5000 psi or greater

Fire fighters should not rely solely on the type of container, however, when making a determination about hazardous materials. Acetone or other solvents might be stored in ____ with two capped openings on the top.

55-gallon steel drums

Regarding MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker The reinforcing rings provide structural stability during transportation and in the events of a rollover. The inside of an MC-312/DOT412 tanker operates at a pressure of approximately ___ psi and holds approximately 6000 gallons

75 psi

Cryogen pose a substantial threat if the Dewar fails to maintain the lower temperature. Cryogens have large expansion ratios-even larger than the expansion ratio of propane. Cryogenic helium, for example, has an expansion ratio of approximately ___ to 1. Thus, if one volume of liquid helium is warmed to room temperature and vaporized in a totally enclosed container, it can generate a pressure of more than ___ psi. To offset this risk, cryogenic containers usually have two pressure-relief devices:

750 to 1 14500 psi -a pressure-relief valve and a frangible (easily broken) disk

A ___ container is a metal container that may resemble a large cylinder. It may carry gases such as chlorine. An intermediate bulk container is cube-shaped and may be made of plastic or steel. It is used to carry bulk items.

A ton container

___ are commonly used to store solids and powders such as cement powder, sand, pesticides, soda ash, and slaked lime.

Bags

Can be USTs and ASTs be pressurized? non-pressurized?

Both

___ drums hold solid materials such as soap flakes, sodium hydroxide pellets, and food-grade materials

Cardboard Drums

Open Floating Roof Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Bulk Terminal and Storage Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Flammable and combustible liquids

Covered Floating Roof Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Bulk Terminals and Storage Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Highly volatile flammable liquids (Especially ethanol-blended fuels)

Cone Roof Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Bulk terminal and storage Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Combustible Liquids

High-Pressure Horizontal Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Industrial Storage and Terminal Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Flammable gases, chlorine, ammonia

High-Pressure Spherical Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Industrial Storage and Terminal Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Liquid Propane Gas, Liquid Nitrogen Gas

Cryogenic Liquid Storage Tanks: Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Industrial and Hospital Storage Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Oxygen, Liquid Nitrogen Gas

Underground Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Common Locations: Residential, Commercial Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Fuel Oil and Combustible Liquids

Dome Roof Tanks Common Locations: Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored:

Commonly Locations: Bulk Terminal and Storage Hazardous Materials Commonly Stored: Combustible Liquids

A ___ is any vessel or receptacle that holds material, including storage vessels, pipelines, and packaging.

Container

The low-pressure Dewar is another common cylinder type. Dewars are thermos-like vessels designed to hold ____: That is, gaseous substances that have been chilled until they liquefy.

Cryogenic liquids (Cryogens)

Stainless steel containers are used to hold particularly dangerous chemicals, and cold liquids are kept in thermos-like ___ containers designed to maintain the appropriate temperature.

Dewar containers

___ are easily recognizable, barrel-like containers.

Drums

Bulk storage containers, or large-volume containers, are defined by their internal capacity based on the following measures: Liquids: Solids: Gases:

Liquids: more than 119 gallons Solids: more than 882 pounds Gases: more than 882 pounds

___ has a round or horseshoe-shaped tank and typically carries 6000 to 7000 gallons.

MC-307/DOT407 Chemical Hauler

The ___ tanker is used for concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and other corrosive substances.

MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker

The ____ tanker operates much like the Dewar containers. This low-pressure tanker relies on tank insulation to maintain the low temperatures required by the cryogens it carries.

MC-338 cryogenic tanker

___ drums are used for corrosives such as acids, bases, oxidizers, and other materials that cannot be stored in steel containers.

Polyethylene drums

Often, bulk storage containers are surrounded by a supplementary contain system to help control an accidental release. ___ is an engineered method to control spilled or released product if the main containment vessel fails.

Secondary Containment

___ or other heavy-duty drums generally hold materials too aggressive for either plain steel or polyethylene

Stainless steel

__ utility drums, for example, hold flammable liquids, cleaning fluids, oil, and other noncorrosive chemicals.

Steel Utility Dreams

___ are portable plastic tanks surrounded by a stainless steel web that adds both structural stability and protection.

Totes

___ trailers carry compressed gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, helium, and methane. Essentially, they are high-volume transportation vehicles comprising several individual cylinders banded together and affixed to a trailer.

Tube trailers

Dry bulk cargo tanks are generally ___ shaped and have rounded sides that funnel the contents to the bottom-mounted valves. Intermodal tanks can be laid out in a wide variety of configurations and are found in all modes of transportation.

V-shaped

An open-head drum has a removable lid fastened to the drum with a ring. The ring is tightened with a clasp or a threaded nut-and-bolt assembly. The lid of an open-head drum may or may not have bung-type openings.

Yi

Regarding Secondary Containments A 5000-gallon vertical storage tank, for example, might be surrounded by...

a series of short walls that form a catch basin around the tank. This basin typically can hold the entire volume of the tank and accommodate water from hose lines or sprinkler systems in the event of fire.

Sulfuric acid, at 97 percent concentration, is typically found in a polyethylene drum, but that drums could be black, red, white, or blue. The same sulfuric acid might also be found in a 1-gallon ___ container.

amber glass

If the dispatch information indicates that an incident involves hazardous materials, it may be a good idea to use ___ and view the scene from a safe distance

binoculars

Regarding bungs Typically, these openings are threaded holes sealed by caps that can be removed only by using a special wrench called a ___.

bung wrench

Closed-head drums have a permanently attached lid with one or more small openings called ___.

bungs

The MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker is used for.... This tanker has a smaller diameter than either MC-306/DOT406 or the MC-307/DOT407 and is often (not always) characterized by several ____ around the tank.

concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and other corrosive substances. -reinforcing rings

Many storage vessels, including 55-gallon drums, may have a secondary containment system. If bulk storage containers in your response area have secondary containment systems, large leaks will be (easier or harder?) to deal with.

easier

DOT 105, DOT 112 pressurized railcars features an ___ dome on the top of the railcar. These cars transport materials such as... Pressurized cars have internal working pressures ranging from ___ to ___ psi and are equipped with relief valves, similar to those on bulk storage tankers. Unfortunately, the high volumes carried in these cars can generate long-duration, high-pressure leaks that may be impossible to stop.

enclosed dome -propane -ammonia -ethylene oxide -chlorine -100 to 500 psi

Totes can hold a few hundred gallons of product and may contain any type of chemical, including flammable liquids, corrosives, food-grade liquids, and oxidizers. Shipping and storing totes can be hazardous. These containers are often stacked atop one another and are moved with a ___. A mishap with the loading or moving process can compromise the container.

forklift

One of the most common chemical tankers is the MC-306/DOT406 Flammable Liquid Tanker It typically carries...

gasoline or other flammable and combustible materials.

A ___ is any material that poses an unreasonable risk of damage or injury to persons, property, or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, process, packaging, use and disposal, or transportation.

hazardous material

Although rail, air, and sea transport is used to deliver chemicals and other hazardous materials to their destinations, the most common method of transport is over land, by ____ vehicles.

highway transportation vehicles.

____ and ___ are two indicators of the presence of hazardous materials.

location and type of occupancy

Generally, the ___ of the material dictates the construction of the storage drum.

nature

The MC-306/DOT406 is (pressurized or nonpressurized?), usually made of (What material?), and offloaded through valves at the bottom of the tank. It is a common highway sight and a reliable way to transport chemicals.

non-pressurized -aluminum

___ are all other types of containers.

nonbulk storage vessels

The MC-306/DOT406 Flammable Liquid Tanker has an ___ shaped tank and is pulled by a diesel tractor and can carry between ___ and ____ gallons.

oval-shaped tank -6000 and 10,000 gallons

Because totes have no secondary containment mechanism, any leak will create a large puddle. Additionally, the steel webbing around the totes makes leaks difficult to ___.

patch

Of the various methods used to transport hazardous materials, the high-volume ___ is rarely involved in emergencies. However, every fire fighter should be aware of these structures and known where they run in their communities.

pipeline

The pipeline ____ is an area, patch, or roadway that extends a certain number of feet on either side of the pipe itself.

pipeline right-of-way

Hydrofluoric acid, in contrast to sulfuric acid, is incompatible with silica (glass) and would be stored in a ___ container.

plastic

Fire fighters should not rely solely on the type of container, however, when making a determination about hazardous materials. Sulfuric acid, at 97 percent concentration, is typically found in a ___ drum, but that drums could be black, red, white, or blue.

polyethylene drum

Although the number of incidents involving pipelines is low, the incidents that have occurred have resulted in large loss of both ___ and ___ and have affected many communities.

property and lives

Pipelines are often buried underground, but they may be above ground in ___ areas.

remote areas

Pressurized horizontal tanks have (what shaped?) ends and large vents or pressure-relief stacks. The most common above-ground pressurized tanks are ___ and ___ tanks, which can hold volumes ranging from a few hundred gallons to several thousand gallons of product. These tanks also contain a small vapor space; ____ percent of total capacity can be vapor.

rounded ends liquid propane and liquid ammonia tanks 10 - 15 percent

Materials in cardboard drums are usually in (What state?) form.

solid form

Nonpressurized horizontal tanks are usually constructed from ___ or ___. Because it is difficult to relieve internal pressure in these tanks, they are dangerous when exposed to fire. Typically, they hold flammable or combustible materials such as (List 3)

steel or aluminum -gasoline -oil -diesel fuel

Intermodal tanks are both ___ and ___ vehicles. They hold between ___ and ___ gallons of product and can be either pressurized or nonpressurized. In most cases, an intermodal tank is shipped to a facility, where it is stored and used, and then it is returned to the shipper for refilling.

storage and shipping vehicles 5000 and 6000 gallons

The pipeline right-of-way is an area, patch, or roadway that extends a certain number of feet on either side of the pipe itself. The area is maintained by... The company is also responsible for placing __ signs at regular intervals along the length of the piepline

the company that owns the pipeline. -warning signs

Nonpressurized railcars are easily identified by looking at...

the top of the car: Nonpressurized railcars will have visible valves and piping without a dome cover.

Each type of railcar has a distinct profile that can be recognized from a long distance. Additionally, railcars are usually labeled on both sides with... Dedicated haulers often have the chemical name clearly visible.

the volume and maximum working pressure inside the tank.

Fire fighters should not rely solely on the type of container, however, when making a determination about hazardous materials. Red phosphorous from a drug lab, might be found in an ____

unmarked plastic jug

Closed-head drums usually have a one 2-inch bung and one 3/4 inch bung. The larger hole is used to pump product from the drum, while the smaller bung functions as a ___.

vent

Information about the pipe's contents and owner is also often found at the ___ pipes.

vent pipes

Nitric, sulfuric, and other strong acids are transported and stored in thick glass carboys protected by a ___ or ___ crate to shield the glass container from damage during normal shipping.

wooden or styrofoam