Chapter 30 terms

National Socialist Party

(Nazi Party) was a far-right, racist political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945.

Kwame Nkhruma

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Nonaggression pact

1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland

Atlantic Charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war

Franklin Roosevelt

32nd President of the United States

Afrikaner National Party

Emerged as the majority party in the all-white South African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britain; favored a rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid.

Yalta Conference

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

Tehran Conference

First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia) at which they planned the 1944 assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war

Stafford Cripps

In 1942, the British government sent him on a mission to bolster Indian support for the war. His plan stated that a constitution would be created immediately after the war and India would eventually be given its independence. Cripps hoped that India would become a part of the British Commonwealth. The plan failed because Britain did not agree with several demands of the Congress Party.

Quit India Movement

Mass civil disobedience campaign that began in the summer of 1942 to end British control of India

Manchukuo

Military takeover of Manchuria by the Japanese. Was not supported by the civilian government, which fell apart in response. Condemned by the newly formed League of Nations,

Manchuria

a region in northeastern China

South Africa

a republic at the southernmost part of Africa

Ghana

a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea

Algeria

a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim

apartheid

a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites

Cold War

a state of political conflict using means short of armed warfare

Vichy

a town in central France (south of Paris) noted for hot mineral springs

Battle of Britain

the prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it

Battle of Coral Sea

A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. (p. 663)

Jomo Kenyatta

A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya

Winston Churchill

British statesman and leader during World War II

Neville Chamberlain

British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)

Battle of the Bulge

December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

Wehrmacht

German army

Erwin Rommel

German field marshal noted for brilliant generalship in North Africa during World War II (1891-1944)

Axis powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Tripartite Pact

Signed between the Axis powers in 1940 (Italy, Germany and Japan) where they pledged to help the others in the event of an attack by the US

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948)

Wannese Conference

January 1942, Nazi leaders made the decision to move toward Hitler's "Final Solution"

Yamamoto

Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 (1884-1943)

Mohandus Ghandi

Leader of indepedance movement. His teachings blended ideas from all major world religion including hinduism, islam and christianity. people began to call him mahatma meaning great soul.

Kenya African Union

Leading nationalist party in Kenya; adopted nonviolent approach to ending British control in the 1950's

Land Freedom Army

Radical organization for independence in Kenya; frustrated by failure of nonviolent means, initiated campaign of terror in 1952; referred to by British as the Mau Mau.

Potsdam conference

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Dwight Eisenhower

United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany

Battle of Stalingrad

Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.

Holocaust

an act of great destruction and loss of life

OAS

an association of countries in the western hemisphere

United Nations

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

blitzkrieg

fight a quick and surprising war

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman

Muslim League

organization formed by muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British Rule.

Midway Island

pivotal battle won by Admiral Nimitz, it deprived Japan of a strategic base and without which the US might have been compelled to negotiate a cease fire in the Pacific

Final Solution

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

total war

the channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

World Court of Justice

the judicial arm of the UN; located in the Hague, it hears only cases between states