Chapter 31

How did Carter lose the support of Christians who were part of the growing religious Right?

-Carter did not support efforts to restore daily prayer in schools. -Carter refused to ban abortions. -Carter supported the Equal Rights Amendment.

Identify the aspects of Carter's personality that limited his success as a president.

-Carter liked to micromanage. -Carter's desire to be a "strong, aggressive president" made it difficult for him to get Congress to pass any of his bills. -Carter failed to inspire the nation and came off as preachy and negative.

Why was democracy able to take hold in Eastern Europe?

-Gorbachev sought harmony and trade with its cold war enemies. -Gorbachev stopped intervening in the affairs of Communist countries.

What steps did Reagan take to end the cold war? Put the events leading up to the end of the cold war in chronological order.

-Reagan begins a massive military buildup. -Reagan authorizes the development of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). -The United States and Soviet Union sign the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement. -Reagan calls for Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.

What factors helped Reagan win the election of 1984?

-Reagan promised he would not raise taxes whereas his opponent said he would. -Reagan's campaign was more optimistic than the Democrats. -The economy prospered because of his economic policies.

What personal qualities and values helped Reagan to victory in the 1980 election?

-Reagan supported religious and family values. -Reagan was a great public speaker.

How did the U.S. relationship with Iran affect Carter's presidency?

-The Iranian hostage crisis undermined Carter's authority and made the United States look weak. -The energy crisis worsened when Iran refused to provide oil to the United States.

How did the Reagan Doctrine modify the containment strategy?

-The Reagan Doctrine granted U.S. support to brutal dictatorships in order to oppose Soviet expansion. -The Reagan Doctrine supported U.S. attempts to outspend the Soviet Union in an arms race.

Identify the legacies of Reaganomics.

-The economy prospered for years after Reagan left office. -The country was left with a large amount of debt.

What were the societal effects of the government's stance on low-cost housing and mental health services?

-The number of homeless Americans increased because there were few services for the many people released from mental institutions. -The number of homeless Americans increased because the government did not support public low-cost housing.

How did demographic changes make conservative politics more popular?

-The number of senior citizens in the United States increased. -Americans migrated to conservative sunbelt states.

Identify the goals of the "religious Right."

-The size of the government should be reduced. -The biblical story of creation should be taught in public schools. -Roe v. Wade should be reversed.

Complete the passage below describing how Gorbachev's policies signaled the end of the cold war. 1. __1__ restructured the Soviet government bureaucracy in an effort to make it more efficient. 2. __2__ allowed for open debate and shared information. 3. Gorbachev __3__ Soviet imperialism and sought __4__ relations with the United States.

1 2 3 4

Complete the passage below describing how the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States evolved during Reagan's presidency. Near the __1__ of Reagan's presidency, the relationship between the two superpowers became __2__. The Soviet Union joined the United States in __3__ to __4__. The Soviet Union also -.

1 2 3 4 5

Complete the passage below describing the extent to which a "Reagan Revolution" occurred. Despite Reagan's pledges to reduce the size of the - , the amount of federal employees - under Reagan's watch, and he never succeeded in abolishing federal agencies or - spending on Social Security. Furthermore, he never fulfilled his campaign promises to ban - and restore daily prayer in public schools. Nevertheless, his popularity and the economic resurgence that happened during his presidency helped his - and anti-tax agenda dominate the nation's politics for the next twenty years.

1 federal government 2 increased 3 cutting 4 abortions 5 anti-government

Complete the passage below describing why Carter's Office of Human Rights was so controversial. Carter was a political __1__ and sought to defend __2__ throughout the world. He ceased supporting __3__ repressive governments. He __4__ many others, which led to harsh criticism from the left. Where the left saw __5__, the right saw an unrealistic foreign policy that sacrificed __6__.

1 idealist 2 human rights 3 a few 4 continued to support 5 hypocrisy 6 national interests

Complete the passage below describing the ultimate effect of Reagan's tax cuts on the economy. Reagan's tax cuts encouraged __1__ from consumers. They also __2__ the federal debt and nearly led the country into a recession. Investor confidence was __3__ after stock prices __4__ in 1987.

1 increased spending 2 increased 3 very low 4 fell

Complete the passage below describing what the election of 1980 indicated about the changing political landscape of the United States. Reagan won a __1__ victory over Carter. He convinced many __2__ to __3__. The change signaled the beginning of the __4__.

1 large 2 southern Democrats 3 switch to the Republican party 4 Reagan era

Complete the passage below describing why Reagan believed Reaganomics would work. Reagan believed that if he __1__ taxes on corporations and __2__, people would have __3__ to __4__.

1 lowered 2 income 3 more money 4 invest in the economy

Complete the passage below to describe the effects of technological innovation on the U.S. economy. The __1__ made it possible to develop __2__. Other inventions, such as email, further __3__ the economy. Technological innovation made workers __4__ and improved __5__.

1 microprocessor 2 personal computers 3 globalized 4 more productive 5 communication

As president, Reagan convinced Congress to significantly reduce spending for many social welfare programs, as he had promised to do as a candidate.

False

How did Reagan's desire to end the cold war influence the economy at the beginning of his first term?

Increased military spending led to larger federal budget deficits, which helped to stimulate the nation's economy by the end of his first term.

Describe how the following events limited Carter's ability to be a successful president.

Q- Carter and America appeared weak on the world stage. A- Iranian hostage crisis Q- Carter seemed to blame Americans for his own failings as president A- "crisis of confidence" speech Q- Unemployment and prices rose despite Carter's efforts to reduce taxes and increase spending A- economic crisis

Why did Reagan increase military spending to the point where it represented a quarter of federal expenditures?

Reagan hoped a massive military buildup would force the Soviets into an arms race that would ultimately bankrupt them.

How did Reagan gain the support of Americans who felt alienated by Carter?

Reagan provided a more optimistic message than Carter.

Why did HIV/AIDS become such a significant problem in the United States?

Reagan's advisers encouraged him not to address the problem.

What effect did Reaganomics have on the economy by the summer of 1983?

The economy pulled itself out of recession and began to recover.

During his presidency, Carter's relationship with Congress deteriorated quickly, while his relations with the American people deteriorated over time.

True