Chapter 32 Practice Questions
Which of the following animals exhibits the most flexible osmoregulatory and excretory systems?
A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean and a vampire bat
ADH and the RAAS both increase water reabsorption, but they respond to different osmoregulatory problems. Which two of the following statements are true?
ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea.
Which of the following would be least likely to be true of an animal that is a regulator?
It has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size.
The finding that MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) causes frog skin cells to darken when added to the interstitial fluid but has no effect on color when injected into the cells supports which of the following ideas?
MSH binds to cell surface receptors
"Striated" is a description that could apply to which kind of animal tissue?
Muscle
Which one of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its site of production
TSH-thyroid
Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue
a type of fibrous connective tissue
Which of the following are connective tissues?
adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, and bone
Which of the following statements is not accurate?
because steroid hormones influence gene expression, they produce a faster response in target cells.
Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of urine flow in vertebrates?
collecting tubule --> ureter-->bladder-->urethra
Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that __________.
counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop
Which of the following sections of the mammalian nephron is incorrectly paired with its function?
descending limn of loop of Henle-diffusion of urea out of the filtrate
Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts?
endocrine system... thyroid gland
An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________.
epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue
Many insects, birds, and other reptiles excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid which
forms solids that are relatively insoluble and nontoxic
The process of reabsorption in the formation of urine ensures that __________.
glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood
The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid __________.
has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, and can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg
The mechanism for the filtration of the blood within the nephron involves __________.
high hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary
When your body temperature is too __________, __________ helps to correct the situation because it __________.
high; peripheral vasodilation; redirects heat from the body core to the environment
The endocrine system relies on _______ that ________ all of the cells of the body.
hormones.... reach
During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.
hypothalamus;higher
Which of the following statements is not true of connective tissue?
it forms the internal and external lining of many organs
Which of the following would be least likely to be true of an animal that is a regulator?
it has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size
Negative feedback loops are
mechanisms that most commonly maintain homeostasis
When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO2 rises sharply. The CO2 in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of __________ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are __________.
negative; restoring the CO2 concentration to a set point
The functional units of kidneys are __________.
nephrons
Which of the following endocrine organs only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
posterior pituitary
A freshwater fish would be expected to __________.
produce copious quantities of dilute urine
The anterior pituitary
receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds
The interstitial fluid of vertebrates
surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and waste
A tropic hormone is a hormone
that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones
The matrix of blood tissue, where water, salts, and dissolved proteins are found, is
the blood plasma
Transport epithelia are responsible for __________.
the movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion
The most effective molecule for nitrogenous waste disposal in desert animals would be _________.
uric acid because it does not require water for excretion
Which of the following mechanisms dissipates heat?
vasodilation of surface vessels