Chapter 32 Review
Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places?
-India, due to tea production -Ceylon, due to tea production -Malaya, due to rubber production -Sumatra, due to rubber production
Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?
The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe.
The Congo Free State was
a Belgian colony characterized by brutal working conditions and high taxes.
One social goal of the British authorities in India was to
establish European-style schools.
What were effects of imperialism?
-the development of new forms of resistance and nationalism -an increase in the stature and power of the United States and Japan -the encouragement of trade between dominant states and overseas colonies a mass migration of laborers
Which of the following Pacific islands was NOT annexed by France in the late nineteenth century?
Fiji
The term Great Game refers to
the Russian contest with Britain for central Asia.
All of the following improved communication between India and Britain EXCEPT
-the completion of the Suez Canal. -the use of steamships. -the invention of the telegraph. -the laying of undersea cables.
________ served as a center for controlling sea lanes linking the Indian Ocean and South China Sea.
Malaya
The United States emerged as a major imperial and colonial power after
the Spanish-Cuban-American War.
The Monroe Doctrine proclaimed that
the United States would not tolerate imperialist designs in the western hemisphere.
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894 revolved around
a conflict over the status of Korea.
One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that
the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations.
Under British imperial rule, India was governed
with British bureaucrats and officers overseeing Indian civil servants.
What were economic motivations for imperialism?
-Cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization. -Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods. -Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations.
Why were places such as India, southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa considered colonies even though European migrants did not settle there in significant numbers?
-Europeans controlled their domestic policies and power of taxation. -Europeans controlled their foreign policies. -Europeans controlled their militaries. -Europeans integrated local economies into the network of global capitalism.
What is true about the settlement of Australia?
-The British defined the continent as land belonging to no one. -Settlement increased significantly after the discovery of gold. -The first settlers were mostly convicts, banished from Britain. -Smallpox and measles reduced the aboriginal populations by 86 percent.
Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that
-race could be biologically defined and characterized. -western dominance was justified on the basis on racial superiority. -the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the "fittest" races. -people of European descent were morally superior to other races.
The scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by
-the desire for tropical produce. -the need to defend the whaling industry. -concerns about Japanese expansion to nearby islands. -the desire for strategic ports and refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean.
The battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that
European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army.
The majority of indentured labor migrants in the nineteenth century were
Indian.
Which of the following would NOT be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire?
Japanese migrants to plantations in Hawai`i Chinese migrants to plantations in Cuba Irish migrants to factories and railroads in the United States *German migrants to plantations in the Congo Indian migrants to plantations in the Caribbean
Japan's victory over ________ confirmed its role as a modern imperial power in the early twentieth century.
Russia
Panama was supported in its uprising against Colombia by U.S. President
Theodore Roosevelt.
After the mid-nineteenth century, the British administered India through
an elite Indian civil service staffed by the English, with Indians in low-level positions.
The United States acquired Hawai`i by
annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy.
Imperialism contributed to the transformation of Ceylon's landscape and social order by
converting rainforests into tea plantations and recruiting women to harvest tea bushes.
Pressure for reform in British India came from
educated Indians seeking self-rule.
Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina
encouraged conversion to Christianity.
European powers frequently justified their imperial policies by
invoking their duty to "civilize" backward people.
Many rebellions by native peoples in southeast Asia and Africa were led by
priests or prophets.
Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by
resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States.
What were the most important innovations in transportation during the nineteenth century?
steamship and railroad
The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established
that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.
The British actively expanded their presence in India after
the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb died.
The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling refers to
the moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world.
The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because
the sepoy mutiny failed to drive the British out of India.
British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by
undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles.