Chapter 38: Caring for Clients with Cerebrovascular Disorders -

A family member brings the client to the clinic for a follow-up visit after a stroke. The family member asks the nurse what he can do to decrease his chance of having another stroke. What would be the nurse's best answer?

"Stop smoking as soon as possible."

The pathophysiology of an ischemic stroke involves the ischemic cascade, which includes the following steps: 1. Change in pH 2. Blood flow decreases 3. A switch to anaerobic respiration <wbr /> 4. Membrane pumps fail 5. Cells cease to function 6. Lactic acid is generated Put these steps in order in which they occur.

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A patient is admitted via ambulance to the emergency room of a stroke center at 1:30 p.m. with symptoms that the patient said began at 1:00 p.m. Within 1 hour, an ischemic stroke had been confirmed and the doctor ordered tPA. The nurse knows to give this drug no later than what time?

4:00

A nurse is assisting with a community screening for people at high risk for stroke. To which of the following clients would the nurse pay most attention?

A 60-year-old African-American man

A patient had a carotid endarterectomy yesterday and when the nurse arrived in the room to perform an assessment, the patient states, "All of a sudden, I am having trouble moving my right side." What concern should the nurse have about this complaint?

A thrombus formation at the site of the endarterectomy

A client with a cerebral aneurysm exhibits signs and symptoms of an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). What nursing intervention would be most appropriate for this client?

Absolute bed rest in a quiet, nonstimulating environment

A clinic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with migraine headaches. During the client teaching session, the client questions the nurse regarding alcohol consumption. What would the nurse be correct in telling the client about the effects of alcohol?

Alcohol causes vasodilation of the blood vessels.

The nurse is taking care of a client with a headache. In addition to administering medications, the nurse takes which measure to assist the client in reducing the pain associated with the headache?

Apply warm or cool cloths to the forehead or back of the neck.

A nurse is caring for a client who has returned to his room after a carotid endarterectomy. Which action should the nurse take first?

Ask the client if he has trouble breathing.

A patient diagnosed with a cerebral aneurysm reports a severe headache to the nurse. What action is a priority for the nurse?

Call the health care provider immediately.

A patient who has had a previous stroke and is taking warfarin tells the nurse that he started taking garlic to help reduce his blood pressure. The nurse knows that garlic when taken together with warfarin will produce which type of interaction?

Can greatly increase the international normalization ratio (INR), increasing the risk of bleeding

A patient presents to the emergency room with complaints of having an "exploding headache" for the last 2 hours. The patient is immediately seen by a triage nurse who suspects the patient is experiencing a stroke. Which of the following is a possible cause based on the characteristic symptom?

Cerebral aneurysm

The nurse is discharging home a client who had a stroke. The client has a flaccid right arm and leg and is experiencing urinary incontinence. The nurse makes a referral to a home health nurse because of an awareness of what common client response to a change in body image?

Depression

A client is brought by ambulance to the ED after suffering what the family thinks is a stroke. The nurse caring for this client is aware that an absolute contraindication for thrombolytic therapy is what?

Evidence of hemorrhagic stroke

A client has been diagnosed as having global aphasia. The nurse recognizes that the client will be unable to perform which action?

Form words that are understandable or comprehend the spoken word

When preparing to discharge a client home, the nurse has met with the family and warned them that the client may exhibit unexpected emotional responses. The nurse should teach the family that these responses are typically a result of what cause?

Frustration around changes in function and communication

An emergency department (ED) nurse has administered an ordered bolus of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to a male patient who was diagnosed with stroke. During the administration of tPA, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what problem?

Hemorrhage

A patient who has suffered a stroke begins having complications regarding spasticity in the lower extremity. What ordered medication does the nurse administer to help alleviate this problem?

Lioresal (Baclofen)

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke. When creating this client's plan of care, what goal should be prioritized?

Maintain and improve cerebral tissue perfusion.

A patient is brought to the emergency department with a possible stroke. What initial diagnostic test for a stroke, usually performed in the emergency department, would the nurse prepare the patient for?

Noncontrast computed tomogram

A client is suspected of having had a stroke. Which is the initial diagnostic test for a stroke?

Noncontrast computed tomography

A client is diagnosed with a right-sided stroke. The client is now experiencing hemianopsia. How might the nurse help the client manage her potential sensory and perceptional difficulties?

Place the client's extremities where she can see them.

The nurse is caring for a patient having a hemorrhagic stroke. What position in the bed will the nurse maintain this patient?

Semi-Fowler's

A patient is exhibiting classic signs of a hemorrhagic stroke. What complaint from the patient would be an indicator of this type of stroke?

Severe headache

The nurse is participating in a health fair for stroke prevention. Which will the nurse say is a modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke?

Smoking

A patient having an acute stroke with no other significant medical disorders has a blood glucose level of 420 mg/dL. What significance does the hyperglycemia have for this patient?

This is significant for poor neurologic outcomes.

An emergency department nurse is awaiting the arrival of a client with signs of an ischemic stroke that began 1 hour ago, as reported by emergency medical personnel. The treatment window for thrombolytic therapy is which of the following?

Three hours

A nurse is teaching a community class that those experiencing symptoms of ischemic stroke need to enter the medical system early. The primary reason for this is which of the following?

Thrombolytic therapy has a time window of only 3 hours.

Which of the following is the chief cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?

Uncontrolled hypertension

A client has been having cluster headaches intermittently over the last year. In an effort to determine the trigger for the cluster headaches, the client has maintained a journal of all oral consumption. What on the list would the nurse suspect could be triggering headaches?

alcoholic beverages

A client reports light-headedness, speech disturbance, and left-sided weakness that have lasted for several hours. In the examination, an abnormal sound is auscultated in an artery leading to the brain. What is the term for the auscultated discovery?

bruit

A client is receiving medical management for a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The client's health care provider has prescribed an oral anticoagulant to prevent a more serious cerebrovascular accident. The nurse is to monitor the client's:

prothrombin level.

Which is a modifiable risk factor for transient ischemic attacks and ischemic strokes?

smoking

A client reports frequent headaches and is seeing the physician to determine their cause. In client education, which type of headache does the nurse indicate is most common?

tension

The nurse is providing diet-related advice to a client who experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The client wants to minimize his volume of food and yet meet all nutritional requirements. To control the volume of food intake, the nurse should suggest that the client consume:

thickened commercial beverages and fortified cooked cereals.

A client has a 12-year history of migraine headaches and is frustrated over how these headaches impact lifestyle. What would the nurse indicate to the client is the origin of migraines?

vascular

A community health nurse is conducting a workshop for unlicensed care providers who work in a chain of long-term care facilities. The nurse is teaching the participants about the signs and symptoms of stroke. What signs and symptoms should the nurse identify? Select all that apply.

• Visual disturbances • Confusion • Sudden numbness

From which direction should a nurse approach a client who is blind in the right eye?

From the left side of the client

A physician orders several drugs for a client with hemorrhagic stroke. Which drug order should the nurse question?

heparin

A patient who just suffered a hemorrhagic stroke is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. What should be the nurse's primary assessment focus?

Cardiac and respiratory status

A nurse is providing care to a client who has had a stroke. Which symptoms are consistent with right-sided hemiplegia?

expressive aphasia, defects in the right visual fields, problems with abstract thinking

A client with a new diagnosis of ischemic stroke is deemed to be a candidate for treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and has been admitted to the ICU. In addition to closely monitoring the client's cardiac and neurologic status, the nurse monitors the client for signs of what complication?

Bleeding

A client undergoes cerebral angiography for evaluation after an intracranial computed tomography scan revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Afterward, the nurse checks frequently for signs and symptoms of complications associated with this procedure. Which findings indicate spasm or occlusion of a cerebral vessel by a clot?

Hemiplegia, seizures, and decreased level of consciousness (LOC)

The nurse is preparing health education for a client who is being discharged after hospitalization for a hemorrhagic stroke. What content should the nurse include in this education?

Take antihypertensive medication as prescribed.

A client who suffered an ischemic stroke now has disturbed sensory perception. What principle should guide the nurse's care of this client?

The client should be approached on the side where visual perception is intact.

A nurse who provides care at a community clinic is in contact with a diverse group of patients. Which of the following individuals most clearly displays risk factors for stroke?

An obese woman with a history of atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes