Chapter 4-7 Revel
Who did the Philadelphia Museum of Art challenge as an inappropriate judge of artistic quality about Evelyne Axell's Ice Cream?
What was a main reason for the revival of fresco in the twentieth century?
Fresco could be used to decorate public buildings.
How did Goya evoke a sense of motion on the part of the bullfighter in The Agility and Daring of Juanito Apinani?
He placed the bullfighter on the intersection of the diagonal axes.
Which factor made Henry Moore's drawings of World War II London Tube refugees so compelling?
He suppressed details of personal appearance to create a scene of stoic human endurance.
How does the change in the scale of the "5" function in Charles Demuth's I Saw The Figure 5 in Gold?
It draws the viewer deeper into the painting.
How does the use of fresco secco contribute to a mural?
It enhances colors and details.
What distinguishes formal art criticism from other theories used to evaluate art?
It focuses primarily on the art object itself.
Why is rag paper the best support for a watercolor?
It has superior absorbency and longevity.
What was one type of art that was censored in Nazi Germany?
abstract art
What industry did Diego Rivera represent in the fresco Detroit Industry?
automobile industry
What design principle does Damien Hirst's Posterity—The Holy Place perfectly exemplify?
balance
Which of the following drawing techniques distinguishes Degas' Le Petit Déjeuner après le bain (Jeune Femme S'essuyant) from Carriera's earlier Portrait of a Girl with a Bussola?
bold contouring in drawing the figures and objects
What drawing tool can create the greatest variety of line quality?
brush
The traditional technique used in Hokusai's Tuning the Samisen suggests a similar expressive style is found in what another Asian art form?
calligraphy
Traditional tempera painting was most successfully executed if the artist had
complete preliminary drawings.
Which term refers to the organization of visual elements in a painting or a photograph?
composition
An analysis of references to jazz music in Jean-Michel Basquiat's Horn Players demonstrates which critical approach?
contextual
Critics using which critical approach might look first at environmental influences on the artist?
contextual
Which would receive highest praise in traditional Chinese art criticism?
conveying the spirit of an object
The examples of censorship discussed in the textbook demonstrate that judgments about artistic quality are often based on
cultural values.
What is the term for an oil painting finished in one sitting?
direct painting
What did Matisse create by moving the figure's right leg down slightly in his version of Large Reclining Nude?
directional force
Museums are interested in buying and exhibiting works that
embody high-quality standards determined by experts.
Artists use contrast, color intensity, position, and size to create
emphasis on a specific area of the work.
Which can be described as an "artist-centered" approach to evaluating a work of art?
expressive art criticism
The distorted proportions of the Roettgen Pietà adds to its
expressive effect.
What design problem is presented by the subject matter in Lavinia Fontana's Noli Me Tangere?
foregrounding the standing and prostrate figures
Compared to Shy Glance, Vigée-LeBrun's Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat demonstrates a
high degree of traditional painting skill.
Where does Peter de Hooch use repetition as an organizing principle in Interior of a Dutch House?
in the rectangular shapes that form the floor tiles
What did Raphael have to do before painting the fresco Assumed Portrait of Francesco Maria della Rovere, detail from the School of Athens?
make a full-size cartoon for that part of the painting
What contributes to the subtle luminosity of tempera paintings?
many layers of paint
Based on your textbook's discussion, which medium maintains its original color intensity after it is applied to the drawing?
pastel chalks
What design goal does the inclusion of helicopters, cars, and hand grenades demonstrate in contemporary Afghan carpets?
pattern
What is necessary for true fresco?
plaster
Which is usually the easiest part of writing about a work of art?
providing factual information
What design principle is obviously distorted to create greater impact in Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen's Shuttlecocks?
scale
To what does the term sizing refer?
sealing a support
Which of the following are new media that contemporary artists use to make works that we still call drawings?
tape and cut paper
Which type of paint typically employs egg yolk as a binder?
tempera
What links Ken Okiishi's Gesture/Data with traditional oil painting techniques?
textured surfaces
Most artists want a balance of unity and variety because
that combination usually yields the most interesting compositions.
Writing about a work of art should always include
the title and medium.
Why does Keltie Ferris paint with oil and acrylic in some of her works?
to create texture
The use of pattern in Pieter de Hooch's Interior of a Dutch House demonstrates which design principle?
unity and variety
What accounts for the limited color palette that John Sabraw uses?
using recovered sludge from toxic iron oxides
One way that John McCracken achieved unity with the work Untitled was
using the same unvarying color throughout the piece.
What is the original meaning of a cartoon as used by art professionals?
A cartoon is a full-size preparatory drawing for a large work in another medium, such as a tapestry, a mural, or a mosaic.
What distinguishes analysis from factual information or evaluation when writing about a work of art?
Analysis considers how different elements work together.
How far back can scholars trace examples of comics?
Ancient Egypt
What new drawing innovation does the Google Tilt Brush system offer to artists?
Artists can draw in three dimensions.
How do artists create different gradations of black when they draw with charcoal?
Artists can smudge, blur, and erase.
Why was Judy Taylor's History of Labor in Maine eventually removed from its place in the headquarters of Maine's Labor Department?
As the painting's owner, the government could remove it.
What country has a tradition of black ink watercolor?
China
Why have comics become a more serious artform in recent years?
Comic creators are writing and drawing about unusual or important subjects.
A formal analysis of Sonia Delaunay-Terk's Simultaneous Contrast would probably address the artistic influence of
Cubism.
How does an artist's use of directional forces differ from the use of emphasis and subordination in a work of art?
Directional forces create a path around the work of art.
What did Vincent van Gogh prefer to do in his study of drawing?
Draw from life.
Which of the following statements is true of drawing in both historical and contemporary periods?
Drawing is an immediate way to communicate through imagery.
What are the earliest surviving encaustic works?
Egyptian memorial portraits
What reason did the Brooklyn Museum of Art use to successfully challenge censorship of Chris Ofili's Holy Virgin Mary?
Elephant dung is an art medium in certain African cultures.
How are graphic novels different from comics?
Graphic novels include a book-length story line.
How did Rembrandt lighten previously shaded areas in Eliezer and Rebecca at the Well?
He applied white gouache.
Why did Matisse believe that design was as important to a composition as facial expressions and gestures?
He believed that the arrangement of visual elements was necessary to create an expressive composition.
Based on your textbook's discussion, what does Richard Serra mean when he describes drawing "as a place where I can get lost . . ."?
He can experiment and work out his creative ideas.
What can we learn from Pablo Picasso's earliest studies for his painting Guernica?
He did not significantly change his initial concept.
Compare Vincent van Gogh's early drawing Carpenter to his slightly later Old Man with His Head in His Hands. What about the later work shows van Gogh's improved technical skills?
He used tone, line, and perspective to give greater volume to the figure.
What was the reason Matisse took so many photographs of his drawings for Large Reclining Nude?
He was interested in documenting how design could affect a final work that began with a naturalistic drawing.
What contextual information may be relevant to our understanding of Sonia Delaunay-Terk's Simultaneous Contrast?
Her paintings informed her work in fabric design and fashion.
How does cross-hatching differ from contour hatching?
How does cross-hatching differ from contour hatching?
What is an interactive comic?
Interactive comics are web comics where readers scroll through or click on different frames to decide how the story should unfold.
How did the addition of horizontal lines to the couch change Henri Matisse's final version of Large Reclining Nude?
It reduced downward directional force.
What is the significance of Miller v. California?
It set standards for the censorship of art in the United States.
What was the primary function of this sketchbook of Guillermo del Toro's?
It was a notebook of his personal memories and thoughts.
What caused the negative response to Impressionism by contemporary audiences in the nineteenth century
It was so different from traditional painting.
Why was the invention of oil painting considered important to painters in the Renaissance?
Its versatility allowed artists to work more slowly and make changes.
What distinguishes the use of balance in sculpture from its use in painting?
Sculpture must consider balance for structural purposes.
The more variety in a work of art, the more the artist
One way that Jacob Lawrence created unity in Going Home was by
What is one reason that Picasso signed and dated all 45 of his studies for Guernica?
Picasso intended his drawings to document the evolution of Guernica.
What is receptive drawing?
Receptive drawing physically captures the appearance of something before us.
What innovation with oil painting did Elizabeth Murray make?
She painted on irregular shapes and bolted them together.
What distinguishes Christine Hiebert's use of space from more traditional approaches to drawing?
She relies on the three-dimensional space of the gallery.
How is Julie Mehretu's drawing process in Back to Gondwanaland different from that of earlier artists?
She uses cut-out shapes to evoke man-made spaces.
Why do many public buildings employ symmetrical balance in their designs?
Symmetrical balance suggests stability and permanence.
Which of the following is always a feature of projective drawing?
The drawing represents something from the artist's imagination, memory, or vision.
Why can encaustic lend itself to a textured surface?
The drying encaustic retains brushstroke marks.
What contextual information supports the notion that the vacant niche in Titian's Pietà may be a symbol of death?
The painting was done during an epidemic of the plague.
Why is fresco painting best suited for dry climates?
There is less chance mold growing in the walls.
Based on your reading, what is one reason that experts value sketches by leading artists?
They are intrinsically beautiful and reveal the creative process.
Why is it difficult to determine the cash value of artworks in museums?
They are outside the marketplace system and most will never be sold.
Why do graffiti artists favor spray cans and airbrushes?
They can be used to apply paint quickly.
How do the tall green seats provide unity in Jacob Lawrence's Going Home?
They create visual a visual theme across the composition.
What is one reason that some ancient artists used encaustic?
They wanted rich, luscious colors.
What was the purpose of Michelangelo's drawings for the Sistine Chapel in the sixteenth century?
They were a study or preparation for a larger, more complex body of work.
Which culture established the artistic standards held by the Aztecs in Mexico?
Toltec
Why is it possible for a small yellow form to balance a large blue form?
Warm colors appear heavier than cool colors.
Why can artists achieve both controlled and accidental blending with acrylics?
Water is the vehicle and contributes to translucency.
Which question would be asked in an expressive theory about a work of art?
Who made it?
When writing about a work of art, which question would contribute most to your evaluation?
Why is it important?
Which of the following would require a fixative?
a finished charcoal drawing
What technique does Yunhee Min use with her acrylic paintings to remove any trace of the artist's hand?
applying paint with a squeegee
What material gives gouache its distinctive opaque appearance?
chalk
What contemporary drawing material is similar to what was used in prehistoric times?
charcoal
From your reading, what is most important for an artist to draw well?
close observation, willingness to learn, and diligent practice
The interpretation that Titian's Pietà demonstrates the artist's liberation from the restrained style of his youth relies on
formal analysis of the painting's visual characteristics.
Explaining the innovations of Jean-Michel Basquiat's Horn Players would involve which approach to writing about art?
formalism
What is one advantage of synthetic paints?
larger range of stable colors
How did Winslow Homer create highlights in Boys Wading?
leaving areas blank and using gouache
When were acrylic paints developed?
mid-twentieth century
Fresco painting was often used for
murals
What is one reason that cave paintings have lasted so long?
natural pigments
The sparkling jewels and luxurious textiles in Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin demonstrate Jan van Eyck's mastery of which medium?
oil
What nineteenth-century development made it possible for the Impressionists to paint outside?
oil paints in tubes
Gilbert Hernandez's Fear of Comics demonstrates how comics can
reduce complex narratives to a few powerful images.
What is one way that Wallace Berman created a sense of rhythm in Untitled?
repetition of hands and radio shape
What is one design principle that Matisse addressed with the netlike patterns on the couch and framing edges of his painting Large Reclining Nude?
rhythm and repetition
Dawn Marie Jingagian's Shy Glance has obvious
sincerity.
What innovation did Venetian painters introduce for large oil paintings?
stretched canvas on wood frames
What is the design principle for creating a neutral area that does not distract from the area of emphasis?
subordination
What distinguishes traditional egg tempera from "tempera" poster paints?
the binder
Which contributes most to the drama of Francisco Goya's composition in Bullfight: The Agility and Daring of Juanito Apinani?
the contrast of light and dark tones
What element moves our eye toward the empty panel on the left of Ogata Korin's Cranes?
the directional force of the birds' heads
What can we best determine from the $179.4 million auction price for a cubist painting by Pablo Picasso?
the economic value of the painting when it was sold
Which detail in Titian's Noli Me Tangere best demonstrates the principle of subordination in design?
the muted colors of the landscape
What element creates unity in I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold?
the number 5
It is important for artists creating murals in true fresco to know how long the plaster will remain wet because
the paint mixes with a chemical in the plaster and becomes part of the wall when the plaster dries.
Which element is necessary to create an all-over pattern in an artwork?
the repetition of a set of ordered elements
A person typically experiences scale in relation to
the size of his or her body
What is one visual clue that Edgar Degas uses In Jockeys Before the Race to move the viewer's attention to the left side of the canvas?
the sun
One reason for the extremely small size of Cruzeiro do Sul (Southern Cross) was
to draw attention to the lack of importance many people give to Southern Hemisphere countries.
What was one reason Jasper Johns used encaustic in Three Flags?
to point out that flags and paintings are both colored canvases
What is one reason that Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen exaggerated scale in Shuttlecocks?
to poke fun at museum practices
What is a common feature in drawings made with graphite pencil, charcoal, or Conté crayon?
tonal gradations of black and white
What technique of oil painting does Tom Wudl highlight in the silver pitcher in Rembrandt's Indulgence Was Van Gogh's Dilemma?
trompe l'oeil
What is the vehicle for traditional oil paint?
turpentine
What combination of lines provides stability in a composition?
vertical and horizontal lines
What is the oldest known kind of paint?
watercolor
The cash value of a work indicates
what a buyer will pay at a given time.
What criteria did the Aztecs use to evaluate artistic quality?
whether it resembled art by a neighboring people