Chapter 4: Birth & the new born
Vernix Caseosa
"Cheesy varnish"; a white, oily, cheese like substance that is formed in the womb by secretions from the fetal oil glands & protects against infection.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
"Hyaline membrane disease"; Is common in preterm babies who lack an adequate amount of surfactant.
List two options for pain management during delivery.
1. Lamaze Method 2. Epidural Block
Postmature
A fetus not yet born as of 42 weeks' gestation
Lanugo
A fuzzy prenatal hair on the shoulders, back, forehead, and cheeks, has not fallen off
Meconium
A stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract.
According to ethologists parents love their babies because: A. They are prewired to engage in attachment relationships by natural selection. B. They are worried that people would respond negatively if it appeared they did not love their baby. C. They learned from their culture that this is what parents are supposed to do. D. They imprint on their babies.
A. They are prewired to engage in attachment relationships by natural selection.
Surfactant
An essential lung-coating substance that keeps air sacs from collapsing.
Postmature babies are at risk for: A. High volume of amniotic fluid, which puts pressure on the brain. B. Brain damage C. Hyaline membrane disease D. Respiratory distress syndrome
B. Brain damage
Marital satisfaction typically _____ during the child-raising years. A. Increases B. Decreases C. Increases, the decreases D. Decreases, then increases
B. Decreases
According to research with young primates, what is the most important thing mother provide? A. Protection against aggressive others. B. Physical contact and warmth. C. Marital satisfaction D. The child's ability to self-regulate
B. Physical contact and warmth
From infancy on, a father's frequent and positive involvement with his child is directly related to: A. Level of educational achievement B. The child's social, cognitive, and physical development C. Marital satisfaction D. The child's ability to self-regulate
B. The child's social, cognitive, and physical development
What are states of arousal? A. How excited or angry a baby becomes in response to environmental stimulation B. The sleep cycles of a newborn C. Times where the baby is awake or drowsy D. Periodic cycles of wakefulness, sleep, and activity
B. The sleep cycles of a newborn
Reflexes are a good way to assess a newborn's health because: A. They should develop rapidly following birth. B. They are a marker of neurological organization. C. They don't require any learning. D. This is incorrect; reflexes have little to do with new born health.
B. They are a marker of neurological organization.
Which of the following would be the least likely feature of a stillborn baby? A. African-American B. A twin C. A girl D. Small-for-date
C. A girl
What screening tests assesses a baby's health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth has occurred? A. Brazelton Neonatal Assessment B. Heelstick and blood draw C. Apgar scale D. Amniocentesis
C. Apgar scale
A few days after birth, a baby develops a yellowish tinge to the skin and the eyeballs. These symptoms indicate _____ which is due to immaturity of the _____. A. Anoxia; Liver B. Anoxia; Kidneys C. Neonatal jaundice; Liver D. Neonatal jaundice; Kidneys
C. Neonatal jaundice; Liver
A baby born at or near her due date, but smaller than other babies born at the same age, would be called a: A. Preterm baby B. Postmature birth C. Small-for-date baby D. Stillbirth
C. Small-for-date baby
Neonata Jaundice
Condition in many newborn babies caused by immaturity of the liver & evidenced by a yellowish appearance; Can cause brain damage if not treated promply.
Women in the industrialized world who give birth today have benefited from a dramatic reduction in risks surrounding pregnancy and childbirth, due to: A. Use of antibiotics B. Use of anesthesia C. Implementation of prenatal care D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Stillborn
Death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation.
Neonatal Period
First 4 weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence
What are the three stages of the birth process?
First Stage: Dilation of the Cervix Second Stage: Descent and Emergence of the Infant Third Stage: Expulsion of the Placentia
Describe what a newborn baby looks like.
Healthy full-term infants are on average 20 inches long and weigh 7 1/2 pounds. They have a large head, various skin conditions, a receding chin, and may have a misshapen head. They are covered with lanugo (soft downy hair) and vernix caseosa (a cheesy substance). They may also have swollen breast tissue and genitals.
State of Arousal
Infant's physiological & behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity.
Preterm (Premature) Infants
Infants born before completing the 37th week of gestation.
Low-birth-weight babies
Infants who weigh less the 5 1/2 pounds (2,500 grams) at birth because of prematurity or being small-to-date
Small-for-date (Small-for-gestational-age) Infants
Infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90% of babies of the same gestational age as a result of slow fetal growth.
Anonia
Lack of oxygen, which may cause brain damage.
Electronic Fetal Monitoring
Mechanical monitoring of fetal heartbeat during labor & delivery.
Natural, or prepared, childbirth
Method of childbirth that seeks to reduce or eliminate the use of drugs, enable both parents to participate fully, and control perceptions of pain.
Lamaze Method
Most common method of childbirth
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
Neurological and behavioral test to measure a neonate's response to the enviornment.
Neonate
Newborn baby, up to 4 weeks old
Cesarean Delivery
Pelirery of baby by surgical removal from the uterus.
Fontanels
Soft spots on the head covered with a tough membrane
Colastrum
Special high protein type of milk the mother produces
Apgar Scale
Standard measurement of a newborn's condition; It assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, & respiration.
