Chapter 4 exam- Network Protocols and Services
What part of the URL, http://www.cisco.com/index.html, represents the top-level DNS domain?
.com -The components of the URL http://www.cisco.com/index.htm are as follows:http = protocolwww = part of the server namecisco = part of the domain nameindex = file namecom = the top-level domain
What is the prefix length notation for the subnet mask 255.255.255.224? 1. /28 2. /27 3. /26 4. /25
/27 -The binary format for 255.255.255.224 is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000. The prefix length is the number of consecutive 1s in the subnet mask. Therefore, the prefix length is /27.
Refer to the exhibit. A cybersecurity analyst is viewing captured ICMP echo request packets sent from host A to host B on switch S2. What is the source MAC address of Ethernet frames carrying the ICMP echo request packets? 00-60-0F-B1-D1-11 00-D0-D3-BE-79-26 08-CB-8A-5C-D5-BA 01-90-C0-E4-55-BB
00-60-0F-B1-D1-11 -When router R1 receives the ICMP echo requests from host A it will forward the packets out interface G0/1 towards host B. However, before forwarding the packets, R1 will encapsulate them in a new Ethernet frame using the MAC address of interface G0/1 as the source and the MAC address of host B as the destination.
Which three IP addresses are private ?
10.1.1.1, 192.168.5.5, and 172.16.4.4 -The private IP addresses are within these three ranges: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network? 192.135.250.1 192.133.219.0 192.31.7.1 192.133.219.1
192.133.219.1
Refer to the exhibit. What is the global IPv6 address of the host in uncompressed format?
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0BAF:0000:3F57:FE94 -In the compressed format, the :: represents two contiguous hextets of all zeros. Leading zeros in the second, fifth, and sixth hextets have also been removed.
How is a DHCPDISCOVER transmitted on a network to reach a DHCP server? 1. A DHCPDISCOVER message is sent with the IP address of the default gateway as the destination address. 2. A DHCPDISCOVER message is sent with a multicast IP address that all DHCP servers listen to as the destination address. 3. A DHCPDISCOVER message is sent with the IP address of the DHCP server as the destination address. 4. A DHCPDISCOVER message is sent with the broadcast IP address as the destination address.
A DHCPDISCOVER message is sent with the broadcast IP address as the destination address. -The DHCPDISCOVER message is sent by a DHCPv4 client and targets a broadcast IP along with the destination port 67. The DHCPv4 server or servers respond to the DHCPv4 clients by targeting port 68.
Refer to the exhibit. Consider a datagram that originates on the PC and that is destined for the web server. Match the IP addresses and port numbers that are in that datagram to the description. (Not all options are used.) A. 192.168.1.1 B. 192.168.1.2 C. 192.168.2.2 D. 25 E. 2578 F. 80 Options: 1. destination IP address 2. destination port number 3. source ip address 4. source port number
A. 192.168.1.1 B. 192.168.1.2 (3. source ip address) C. 192.168.2.2 (1. destination ip address) D. 25 E. 2578 F. 80
Match the compressed IPv6 address representation with the full IPv6 address. (Not all options are used.) A. 2001:0DB8:0010:0000:0000:0000:0011:0101 B. 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0010:0000:0011:0101 C. 2001:0DB8:0010:0000:0011:0000:0000:0101 D. 2001:0DB8:0010:0011:0000:0000:0000:0010 E. 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0010:0011:0101 Options: 1. 2001:DB8:10:11::10 2. 2001:DB8::10:11:101 3. 2001:DB8:10::11:101 4. 2001:DB8::10:0:11:101
A.2001:0DB8:0010:0000:0000:0000:0011:0101 (2. 2001:DB8::10:11:101) B.2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0010:0000:0011:0101 ( C.2001:0DB8:0010:0000:0011:0000:0000:0101 ( D.2001:0DB8:0010:0011:0000:0000:0000:0010 ( E.2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0010:0011:0101 (
Which two characteristics are associated with UDP sessions? 1. Transmitted data segments are tracked. 2. Received data is unacknowledged. 3. Unacknowledged data packets are retransmitted. 4. Destination devices reassemble messages and pass them to an application. 5. Destination devices receive traffic with minimal delay.
Destination devices receive traffic with minimal delay. Received data is unacknowledged. -TCP:• Provides tracking of transmitted data segments• Destination devices will acknowledge received data.• Source devices will retransmit unacknowledged data.UDP• Destination devices will not acknowledge received data• Headers use very little overhead and cause minimal delay.
Which application layer protocol uses message types such as GET, PUT, and POST?
HTTP -The GET command is a client request for data from a web server. A PUT command uploads resources and content, such as images, to a web server. A POST command uploads data files to a web server.
What are two features of ARP?
If a host is ready to send a packet to a local destination device and it has the IP address but not the MAC address of the destination, it generates an ARP broadcast. If a device receiving an ARP request has the destination IPv4 address, it responds with an ARP reply. -When a node encapsulates a data packet into a frame, it needs the destination MAC address. First it determines if the destination device is on the local network or on a remote network. Then it checks the ARP table (not the MAC table) to see if a pair of IP address and MAC address exists for either the destination IP address (if the destination host is on the local network) or the default gateway IP address (if the destination host is on a remote network). If the match does not exist, it generates an ARP broadcast to seek the IP address to MAC address resolution. Because the destination MAC address is unknown, the ARP request is broadcast with the MAC address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. Either the destination device or the default gateway will respond with its MAC address, which enables the sending node to assemble the frame. If no device responds to the ARP request, then the originating node will discard the packet because a frame cannot be created.
What are two potential network problems that can result from ARP operation?
Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent of intercepting network traffic. On large networks with low bandwidth, multiple ARP broadcasts could cause data communication delays. -Large numbers of ARP broadcast messages could cause momentary data communications delays. Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent to intercept network traffic. ARP requests and replies cause entries to be made into the ARP table, not the MAC address table. ARP table overflows are very unlikely. Manually configuring static ARP associations is a way to prevent, not facilitate, ARP poisoning and MAC address spoofing. Multiple ARP replies resulting in the switch MAC address table containing entries that match the MAC addresses of connected nodes and are associated with the relevant switch port are required for normal switch frame forwarding operations. It is not an ARP caused network problem.
Refer to the exhibit. PC1 issues an ARP request because it needs to send a packet to PC2. In this scenario, what will happen next? 1. RT1 will send an ARP reply with the PC2 MAC address. 2. PC2 will send an ARP reply with its MAC address. 3. SW1 will send an ARP reply with its Fa0/1 MAC address. 4. SW1 will send an ARP reply with the PC2 MAC address. 5. RT1 will send an ARP reply with its Fa0/0 MAC address.
PC2 will send an ARP reply with its MAC address. -When a network device wants to communicate with another device on the same network, it sends a broadcast ARP request. In this case, the request will contain the IP address of PC2. The destination device (PC2) sends an ARP reply with its MAC address.
Which transport layer feature is used to guarantee session establishment? 1. UDP ACK flag 2. TCP 3-way handshake 3. TCP port number 4. UDP sequence number
TCP 3-way handshake -TCP uses the 3-way handshake. UDP does not use this feature. The 3-way handshake ensures there is connectivity between the source and destination devices before transmission occurs.
What happens if part of an FTP message is not delivered to the destination?
The part of the FTP message that was lost is re-sent -Because FTP uses TCP as its transport layer protocol, sequence and acknowledgment numbers will identify the missing segments, which will be re-sent to complete the message.
A high school in New York (school A) is using videoconferencing technology to establish student interactions with another high school (school B) in Russia. The videoconferencing is conducted between two end devices through the Internet. The network administrator of school A configures the end device with the IP address 209.165.201.10. The administrator sends a request for the IP address for the end device in school B and the response is 192.168.25.10. Neither school is using a VPN. The administrator knows immediately that this IP will not work. Why? 1. This is a loopback address. 2. This is a link-local address. 3. This is a private IP address. 4. There is an IP address conflict.
This is a private IP address. -The IP address 192.168.25.10 is an IPv4 private address. This address will not be routed over the Internet, so school A will not be able to reach school B. Because the address is a private one, it can be used freely on an internal network. As long as no two devices on the internal network are assigned the same private IP, there is no IP conflict issue. Devices that are assigned a private IP will need to use NAT in order to communicate over the Internet.
Match the TCP/IP model layer with the function. Represents data to the user 1. application 2. transport 3. internet 4. network access
application
What is the primary purpose of NAT? 1. enhance network performance 2. conserve IPv4 addresses 3. increase network security 4. allow peer-to-peer file sharing
conserve IPv4 addresses -NAT was developed to conserve IPv4 addresses. A side benefit is that NAT adds a small level of security by hiding the internal network addressing scheme. However, there are some drawbacks of using NAT. It does not allow true peer-to-peer communication and it adds latency to outbound connections.
Which term is used to describe the process of placing one message format inside another message format? 1. encoding 2. encapsulation 3. segmentation 4. multiplexing
encapsulation -The encapsulation process is performed at each OSI layer and is the process of placing one message format inside another message format.
Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host? frame file packet segment
frame -When received at the physical layer of a host, the bits are formatted into a frame at the data link layer. A packet is the PDU at the network layer. A segment is the PDU at the transport layer. A file is a data structure that may be used at the application layer.
In NAT translation for internal hosts, what address would be used by external users to reach internal hosts?
inside global -From the perspective of a NAT device, inside global addresses are used by external users to reach internal hosts. Inside local addresses are the addresses assigned to internal hosts. Outside global addresses are the addresses of destinations on the external network. Outside local addresses are the actual private addresses of destination hosts behind other NAT devices
Match the TCP/IP model layer with the function. Determines best path 1. application 2. transport 3. internet 4. network access
internet
Match the TCP/IP model layer with the function. Controls the media 1. application 2. transport 3. internet 4. network access
network access
Refer to the exhibit. A cybersecurity analyst is viewing captured packets forwarded on switch S1. Which device has the MAC address 50:6a:03:96:71:22?
router DG -The Wireshark capture is of a DNS query from PC-A to the DNS server. Because the DNS server is on a remote network, the PC will send the query to the default gateway router, router DG, using the MAC address of the router G0/0 interface on the router.
Which TCP mechanism is used to identify missing segments?
sequence numbers -TCP segments are acknowledged by the receiver as they arrive. The receiver keeps track of the sequence number of received segments and uses the sequence number to reorder the segments and to identify any missing segments that need to be retransmitted.
What is a socket? 1. the combination of the source and destination sequence and acknowledgment numbers 2. the combination of a source IP address and port number or a destination IP address and port number 3. the combination of the source and destination IP address and source and destination Ethernet address 4. the combination of the source and destination sequence numbers and port numbers
the combination of a source IP address and port number or a destination IP address and port number -A socket is a combination of the source IP address and source port or the destination IP address and the destination port number.
Why does a Layer 3 device perform the ANDing process on a destination IP address and subnet mask? 1. to identify the host address of the destination host 2. to identify the network address of the destination network 3. to identify faulty frames 4. to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network -ANDing allows us to identify the network address from the IP address and the network mask.
What is the purpose of ICMP messages?
to provide feedback of IP packet transmissions -The purpose of ICMP messages is to provide feedback about issues that are related to the processing of IP packets.
What is the purpose of the routing process?
to select the paths that are used to direct traffic to destination networks
Match the TCP/IP model layer with the function. Supports communication between applications 1. application 2. transport 3. internet 4. network access
transport