Chapter 4: Linux File System Management (combined)

d. chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1

A file has the following permissions: r- - --x-w-. The command chmod 143 would have the same effect as the command _________________. (Choose all that apply.) a. chmod u+x-r,g+r-x,o+w file1 b. chmod u=w,g=rw,o=rx file1 c. chmod u-r-w,g+r-w,o+r-x file1 d. chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1 e. chmod u+w,g+r-w,o+r-x file1 f. chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r file1

hard link

A file joined to other files on the same filesystem that shares the same inode.

data blocks

A filesystem allocation unit in which the data that makes up the contents of the file as well as the filename are stored.

permissions

A list that identifies who can access a file or folder and their level of access.

symbolic link

A pointer to another file on the same or another filesystem; commonly referred to as a shortcut.

umask

A special variable used to alter the permissions on all new files and directories by taking away select default file and directory permissions.

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

A standard outlining the location of set files and directories on a Linux system.

False ls -F indicates symbolic links by appending @ symbol (at the end) ls -li file type character (before permissions) is l Ex: file1@ 19926 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Apr 27 19:05 file1 -> file0

A symbolic link is also known as a soft link and is depicted by an @ symbol appearing at the beginning of the filename when viewed using the ls -l command. True or False?

recursive

A term referring to itself and its own contents; a recursive search includes all subdirectories in a directory and their contents.

PATH variable

A variable that stores a list of directories that will be searched in order when commands are executed without an absolute or relative pathname.

c. - - -r--rw unmask = removes representation of that permission mode from permissions directory default permissions rwxrwxrwx rwx = 7 -wx = 3 --x = 1

After typing the command umask 731, the permissions on all subsequently created files and directories will be affected. In this case, what will be the permissions on all new files? a. rw-rw-rw b. rwxrw-r-- c. - - -r--rw d.- - --wx--x

a. User1 has read and write permission, members of the root group have read and execute permissions, and all others have read permissions to the file.

After typing the ls -F command, you see the following line in the output: -rw-r-xr- - 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 What does this mean? a. User1 has read and write permission, members of the root group have read and execute permissions, and all others have read permissions to the file. b. Members of the root group have read and write permissions, user1 has read and execute permission, and all others have read permissions to the file. c. All users have read and write permissions, members of the root group have read and execute permissions, and user1 has read permission to the file. d. User1 has read and write permission, all others have read and execute permissions, and members of the root group have read permissions to the file.

b. two

Given the following output from the ls command, how many files are linked with file1? drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 07:12 Desktop -rw-r--r-- 3 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file2 -rw-r--r-- 4 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file3 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file5 -rw-r--r-- 1 user1 sys 282 Apr 29 22:06 file6 a. one b. two c. three d. four

True

Hard links need to reside on the same filesystem as the target, whereas symbolic links need not be on the same filesystem as the target. True or False?

False not even a root user can modify a file that has immutable attribute set

Only the root user can modify a a file that has the immutable attribute set.

inode table

The collection of inodes for all files and directories on a filesystem.

b. --wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1

The command chmod 317 file1 would produce which of the following lines in the ls command? a. --w-r--rwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 b. --wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 c. -rwxrw-r-x 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 d. --w-rw-r-e 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1

chattr (change attributes) command

The command used to change filesystem attributes for a Linux file.

chgrp (change group)

The command used to change the group owner of a file or directory.

chmod (change mode)

The command used to change the mode (permissions) of of a file or directory.

chown (change owner)

The command used to change the owner and group command a file or directory.

cp (copy) command

The command used to create copies of files and directories.

mkdir (make directory) command

The command used to create directories.

ln (link) command

The command used to create hard and symbolic links.

touch command

The command used to create new files. It was originally used to update the time stamp on a file.

find command

The command used to find files on the filesystem using various criteria.

getfacl (get file ACL) command

The command used to list all ACL entries for a particular Linux file or directory.

lsattr (list attributes) command

The command used to list filesystem attributes for a Linux file.

locate command

The command used to locate files from a file database.

which command

The command used to locate files that exist within directories listed in the PATH variable

setfacl (set file ACL) command

The command used to modify ACL entries for a particular Linux file or directory.

mv (move) command

The command used to move/rename files and directories.

rmdir (remove directory) command

The command used to remove empty directories.

rm (remove) command

The command used to remove files and directories.

umask command

The command used to view and change the umask variable.

primary group

The default group to which a user belongs.

d. rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw

The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are ________________ for directories and ________________ for files. a. rw-rw-rw- and rw-rw-rw b.rw-rw-rw- and r- -r- -r- - c. rw-rw-rw- and rwxrwxrwx d. rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw e.rwxrw-rw- and rwx-rw-rw-

interactive mode

The mode that file management commands use when a file can be overwritten; the system interacts with a user asking for the user to confirm the action.

mode

The part of the inode that stores information on access permissions.

source file/directory

The portion of a command that refers to the file or directory from which information is taken.

target file/directory

The portion of a command that refers to the file or directory to which information is directed.

inode

The portion of a file that stores information on the file's attributes, access permissions, location, ownership, and file type.

superblock

The portion of a filesystem that stores critical information, such as the inode table and block size.

d. Run chown and list the root user as the new owner.

The root user utilizes the chgrp command to give ownership of a file to another user. What must the root user do to regain ownership of the file? a. Run chgrp again listing the root user as the new owner. b. Nothing, because this is a one-way, one-time action. c. Have the new owner run chgrp and list the root user as the new owner. d. Run chown and list the root user as the new owner.

access control list (ACL)

The section within an inode of a file or directory that lists the permissions assigned to users and groups on the file or directory.

owner

The user whose name appears in a long listing of a file or directory and who has the ability to change permissions on that file or directory.

d. searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable

The which command ________________. a. can only be used to search for executables b. searches for a file in all directories, starting from the root c. is not a valid Linux command d. searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable

False ineffective special permissions are capitalized when set w/o execute permissions. Ex: rwS = SUID rwS = SGID rwT = Sticky Bit

There is no real difference between the "S" and "s" special permissions when displayed using the ls -l command. One just means it is on a file and the other that it is on a directory. True or False?

c. execute, read, write

What are the three standard Linux permissions? a. full control, read-execute, write b. read, write, modify c. execute, read, write d. read, write, examine

b. spools and log files

What does the /var directory contain? a. various additional programs b. spools and log files c. temporary files d. files that are architecture independent e. local variance devices

c. It moves a directory. d. It moves a file.

What does the mv command do? (Choose all that apply.) a. It makes a volume. b. It makes a directory. c. It moves a directory. d. It moves a file.

e. Just type cp or mv, because they run in interactive mode by default.

What must a user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked if she wants to overwrite an existing file? a. There is no choice, because the new file will overwrite the old one by default. b. Type interactive cp or interactive mv. c. Type cp -i or mv -i. d. Type cp -interactive or mv -interactive. e. Just type cp or mv, because they run in interactive mode by default.

c. FHS

What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file location for Linux? a. FSH b. X.500 c. FHS d. root directory

a. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory, and not the entity that created them

When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission ________________. a. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory, and not the entity that created them b. cannot be used, because it is applied only to files c. allows users to use more than two groups for files that they create within the directory d. causes users to have their permissions checked before they are allowed to access files in the directory

other

When used in the mode of a certain file or directory, all the users on the Linux system.

group

When used in the mode of a certain file or directory, the collection of users who have ownership of that file or directory.

user

When used in the mode of a certain file or directory, the owner of that file or directory.

d. the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified,

When you change the data in a file that is hard-linked to three others, ________________. a. only the data in the file you modified is affected b. only the data in the file you modified and any hard-linked files in the same directory are affected c. the data in the file you modified and the data in all hard-linked files are modified, because they have different inodes d. the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified, because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size

b. mv

Which command do you use to rename files and directories? a. cp b. mv c. rn d. rename

a. chown user1:root file1

Which of the following commands will change the user ownership and group ownership of file1 to user1 and root, respectively? a. chown user1:root file1 b. chown user1 : root file1 c. This cannot be done, because user and group ownership properties of a file must be modified separately. d. chown root:user1 file1 e. chown root : user1 file1

additonal entries exist within the ACL of the file that can be viewed using the getfactl command.

You notice a file in your home directory that has a + symbol appended to the mode. What does this indicate?