Chapter 4
What is a function of the central vacuole?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
What describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
The electron microscope has been particularly useful in studying bacteria because __________.
bacteria are so small
What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life?
cells
The plant cell wall is a protective structure made of
cellulose fibrils.
What is stored in the lysosomes of the cell?
digestive enzymes
A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that __________.
eukaryotic cells have organelles; prokaryotic cells do not
Which organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
lysosomes
Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in __________.
plant cells and animal cells
What is the size of the smallest object that can be viewed as a distinct, separate object with a light microscope?
0.2 micrometers in diameter
How many primary cilia stick out of cells that have them?
1
What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell?
the nucleus
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
A study conducted by the National Institutes of Health on infectivity of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stated their hypothesis as __________.
MRSA bacteria lacking the ability to produce a protein (PSM) would be less deadly than those producing it
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
Mitochondrion.
A plant cell has a versatile compartment that stores organic nutrients, absorbs water, and contains poisons that protect against plant-eating animals. This compartment is the _____.
central vacuole
Within the nucleus of a cell, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called _____.
chromatin
The function of the chloroplast is to __________.
convert light energy to chemical energy
The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is _____.
cytoplasm
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton.
The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the __________.
endomembrane system
The first link between primary cilia and disease was found in a disease of which organ?
kidney
The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a _______.
light microscope
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because __________.
many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane
Coded genetic information is produced in the nucleus and transferred to the cytoplasm in a molecule called _____.
messenger RNA
What are components of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes when cells divide?
microtubules
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
In addition to the nucleus, which are organelles that contain DNA?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is characterized by __________.
molecules moving freely past one another
In some eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are motile, cellular appendages that aid the cell in _____.
movement
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
What distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?
presence of a cell wall
Sonic hedgehog is an important what?
protein
The Golgi apparatus mainly functions to modify _____.
proteins
What are the two main components of cellular membranes?
proteins and phospholipids
Bacteria become antibiotic-resistant over time as a result of __________.
random genetic mutations
What are the primary sites of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?
ribosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes.
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Most antibiotics kill invading bacteria while minimally harming the host by ________.
targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells
