Chapter 4 | Nutrition | Protein

The nurse notes that a client has had a substantial loss of muscle mass of both arms and legs over the last two weeks. Which question should the nurse ask to help determine the reason for the client's change in muscle tissue? "Have you changed the amount of exercise you perform each day?" "Is there some reason why you've limited the amount of water you drink each day?" "How long have you been confined to bed?" "Can you tell me what you've been eating lately?"

"Can you tell me what you've been eating lately?"

The nurse is seeing a client who is not certain why a food is called a complete versus incomplete protein. How might the nurse explain this? "Complete protein products are fortified with missing proteins." "Complete proteins provide all 20 essential amino acids." "Complete proteins depend on the source." "Complete proteins provide all 9 essential amino acids."

"Complete proteins provide all 9 essential amino acids."

The nurse has just finished educating a group of students about the metabolism of amino acids within the liver. Which statement from the student indicates an understanding of the metabolism occurring in the liver? "It removes the nitrogen from amino acids so that they can be used for energy." "The liver retains amino acids to make new liver cells, essential amino acids, and plasma." "If necessary, it will convert glucose into amino acids for use by the body." "The liver works by removing all the amino acids from the blood and body via circulation."

"It removes the nitrogen from amino acids so that they can be used for energy."

A student is asking the nurse for suggestions about the best way to build up muscle mass. The student says that he has been eating a lot of protein but it isn't working. What suggestion should the nurse make? "You should increase your protein intake to 3.0 g/kg/day." "You should eat a low-calorie diet." "Resistance training is necessary to increase muscle mass." "You should use amino acid supplements."

"Resistance training is necessary to increase muscle mass."

The nurse is caring for a client with a non-healing wound and has called the health care provider to request new diet orders. Which statement indicates an understanding of the diet needed for this client? "We will need to order a protein supplement because the client is vegan and that is why their wound is not healing." "I have requested a dietary consult so that the client's menu includes complementary proteins at each meal." "The client requires a low protein diet because their body can not handle the extra demands caused by protein synthesis." "The client would benefit from a high-quality protein diet to meet the increased demands on the body related to wound healing."

"The client would benefit from a high-quality protein diet to meet the increased demands on the body related to wound healing."

The nurse is assisting a client who has been diagnosed with hepatitis. The client is a vegan and is having difficulties eating a high-protein diet. "I don't want to get fat!" the client insists. How can the nurse respond? "Are you comfortable with sustaining your illness?" "You can lose the weight after you are well." "Your body needs the extra protein to heal." "Protein will not make you fat."

"Your body needs the extra protein to heal."

The nurse has recorded a 24-hour protein intake for the client of 75 grams. The 24-hour UUN result was 20 grams. What is this client's nitrogen balance? Enter the correct number ONLY. 55 -12 -55 75

-12

When seeing a vegetarian client who requires education regarding the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, the nurse should direct the client to the see that the recommended range of protein intake is how much? 25% to 50% 20% to 45% 15% to 40% 10% to 35%

10% to 35%

The nurse is seeing a client for a follow up nutritional visit. The client has been following a 1800-calorie MyPlate plan in an attempt to lose weight. She is questioning whether she should decrease her protein intake. The nurse reminds her that the actual protein intake provides what percentage of total calories consumed? 15% 25% 50% 33%

15%

A client was told by a friend that she is eating too much protein, and she is concerned that she is creating health issues for herself. If the client weighs 100 pounds, how many grams of protein should she eat daily? (Round to the nearest whole number.) Enter the correct number ONLY. 45 23 30 36

36

A 75-year-old client has been brought to the hospital by family members after they found him confused and disoriented at home. Initial assessment indicates malnutrition and muscle wasting. He is found to weigh approximately 50 kilograms. What is the minimum amount of protein that he should receive on a daily basis? 50 grams 40 grams 30 grams 60 grams

40 grams

The nurse is teaching a client the MyPlate 2000-calorie plan. The nurse explains that nutrients can be found in more than one group. Approximately what percentage of protein comes from the protein group? 100% 40% 60% 80%

40%

The nurse is assiting a client in determining nutritional needs. If the client weighs 130 pounds, what is the protein RDA in grams? Record the answer as a whole number. 40 grams 33 grams 54 grams 47 grams

47 grams

One of the topics discussed in a health teaching class for clients recently diagnosed with Type II diabetes is how to calculate the recommended dietary allowance for protein in a healthy adult. The class is given the following exercise: "What is the RDA for an individual weighing 75 kg?" The nurse realizes that teaching is effective when the class indicates what as the correct RDA for protein for this individual? 30 grams 60 grams 45 grams 75 grams

60 grams

The nurse is seeing a client who weights 176-pounds and is trying to adopt a healthier diet. When assisting this client to develop a plan, the nurse determines that this client should consume how many grams of protein daily? 64 44 54 74

64

The nurse is assessing a client newly admitted to the unit with a fractured right femur. The client is 6 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 198 pounds. Which of the following is the client's estimated daily protein requirement? 72 grams 62 grams 82 grams 52 grams

72 grams

The nurse is preparing a diet plan for a client who weighs 200 pounds. If the client is going to start a 1800-calorie MyPlate diet plan, approximately how many grams of protein should he eat each day? 54 grams 63 grams 72 grams 45 grams

72 grams

During the assessment of a school-aged child, the parent comments that the client has a poor appetite but will drink milk. The parent is concerned the client is not getting enough protein. The nurse explains that each cup of milk contains how much protein? 5 grams 6 grams 7 grams 8 grams

8 grams

A healthy adult client weighs 220 pounds. What is the recommended daily allowance for protein in grams? 100 80 220 176

80

The nurse is assessing the food intake a client who has recently taken up a vegan diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client include when meal planning to ensure there are complete or complementary proteins in the diet? Rice pilaf Cheese enchilada made with a corn tortilla Peanut butter Black bean and barley soup

Black bean and barley soup

The nurse reviews the care needs for assigned clients. Which client is a priority for the nurse to assess for adequate protein intake? Client with heart failure and atrial fibrillation Client with chronic renal failure beginning hemodialysis treatments Client with type 2 diabetes mellitus having cataract surgery Client with multiple sclerosis requiring medication adjustment

Client with chronic renal failure beginning hemodialysis treatments

The nurse reviews the care needs for assigned clients. Which client is a priority for the nurse to assess for adequate protein intake? Client with multiple sclerosis requiring medication adjustment Client with type 2 diabetes mellitus having cataract surgery Client with heart failure and atrial fibrillation Client with chronic renal failure beginning hemodialysis treatments

Client with chronic renal failure beginning hemodialysis treatments

Proteins vary in shape. Which does a protein's shape determine? Absorption Fluid accumulation Function Size

Function

The nurse has been caring for a client who was admitted with an infection and diminished appetite. The nurse recognizes that this client should be evaluated for which of the following health complications? Kwashiorkor Anasarca Marasmus Fatty liver

Kwashiorkor

The nurse is explaining catabolism in relation to exercise. Which term for exercise training is used to describe exercise that causes microscopic tears in the muscle tissue? Resistance Flexibility Aerobic Balance

Resistance

A client recently decided to adopt a vegetarian lifestyle and has asked the nurse for assistance in meal planning. The client wants to make sure they will get enough protein now that they will no longer be eating meat. Which food option(s) will help the client meet their daily protein requirement? Select all that apply. Black bean burger Grapes Yogurt with granola Hardboiled egg Strawberries

Yogurt with granola Hardboiled egg Black bean burger

To move toward healthier eating patterns, Americans should a.Eat more seafood b.Eat more total protein c.Eat more mixed protein dishes, such as sandwiches, in place of eating protein as a separate food d.Replace seafood with poultry

a. Eat more seafood

A client who is in a positive nitrogen balance is most likely to be a.Pregnant. b.Starving. c.A healthy adult. d.Losing weight.

a.Pregnant.

The nurse recognizes that which protein helps maintain the proper balance among the interstitial compartments of the body? thrombin albumin lipoproteins insulin

albumin

Which of the following is a lean source of protein? a.Eggs b.Turkey breast without skin c.80% lean ground beef d.Prime beef rib roast

b. Turkey breast without skin

Which statement indicates the client understands vegetarian diets? a."Vegetarian diets are not adequate during pregnancy and lactation." b."Vegetarians may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement and other nutrients, depending on their actual food selection." c."Vegetarian diets are always healthier than nonvegetarian diets." d."Vegetarians usually do not consume enough protein."

b."Vegetarians may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement and other nutrients, depending on their actual food selection."

What is the RDA for protein for a healthy adult who weighs 165 pounds? a.40 g b.60 g b.75 g d.132 g

b.60 g

What should the nurse tell a client who likes fish but refuses to eat it because of fear of mercury poisoning? a."You are justified to be concerned. To be safe, use fish oil supplements instead." b."You can eat as much fish as you want because most fish are not contaminated with even small amounts of mercury." c."The benefits of eating 8 oz/week of a variety of fish outweigh any potential risks from mercury." d."As a compromise, eat 4 oz of fish per week instead of 8 oz."

c."The benefits of eating 8 oz/week of a variety of fish outweigh any potential risks from mercury."

The client is a 21-year-old male who was in a motorcycle accident, sustaining a fractured femur and closed head injury. The health care provider has requested a nitrogen balance determination. The record indicates a 24-hour protein intake of 70 grams. A 24-hour urinary urea nitrogen collection result was 18.5 grams. The nurse recognizes that this client is in which of the following states? anabolic protein homeostatic protein neutral protein catabolic protein

catabolic protein

The client asks what foods are rich in protein and are less expensive than meat. Which foods would the nurse recommend they eat more of? a.Breads and cereals b.Fish and shellfish c.Fruit and vegetables d.Beans, peas, and lentils

d. Beans, Pease, and lentils

The nurse knows that instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that a source of complete, high-quality protein is found in a.Peanut butter b.Black-eyed peas c.Corn d.Cottage cheese

d.Cottage cheese

The nurse is aware that proteins carry out many different functions in the body. Some facilitate changes in the body without changing themselves. What are these special proteins called? catabolic chemicals transporters enzymes albumin

enzymes

The nurse is explaining the role of the liver in processing protein to a nutrition class. As the proteins are broken down, what does the liver do with the nitrogenous wastes? burns for energy forms enzymes forms urea stores for future use

forms urea

When providing education to a client regarding the role of albumin in the body, the nurse should correctly state it is to transport which of the following? fat-soluble vitamins. cholesterol. free fatty acids. water-soluble vitamins.

free fatty acids.

The nurse is caring for a client 1-day post-op after colon resection with anastomosis. The client has a nasogastric tube in place, which requires nothing-per-oral (NPO) status. The nurse is aware the client will be in what physiological state? protein-energy malnutrition neutral nitrogen balance marasmus negative nitrogen balance

negative nitrogen balance

The nurse is discussing protein with the class. After the class, the students can identify which of the following amino acids is an essential one? phenylalanine glycine arginine proline

phenylalanine

The nurse understands the importance of assisting clients in maintaining homeostasis. A component of homeostasis is maintaining the proper ratio between protein catabolism and anabolism. Which of the following reflects protein homeostasis? It depends on protein composition. higher catabolism than anabolism higher anabolism than catabolism the balance between catabolism and anabolism

the balance between catabolism and anabolism

The nurse is explaining how the body uses amino acids and proteins. The nurse explains that which structure in the body determines how amino acids are used? the small intestine the liver the brain the blood

the liver

The nurse educator is discussing digestion of protein. Teaching is effective when students indicate which of the following is a pancreatic protease? aminopeptidase pepsin dipeptidase trypsin

trypsin