Chapter 4 part one

How do epithelial tissues obtain needed nutrients? Epithelial tissue does not nutrients because it is not living tissue. Blood vessels travel through underlying tissues to provide nutrients. Blood vessels travel through the basal layer of the epithelium to provide nutrients. Blood vessels travel through all the layers of the epithelium to provide nutrients. Epithelial tissue stores nutrients so it has a constant supply.

Blood vessels travel through underlying tissues to provide nutrients.

________ secrete hormones and prohormones in the interstitial fluid, which later enters blood. Endocrine and exocrine glands Endocrine glands Connective tissue Epithelia Exocrine glands

Endocrine

Blood belongs to which of the following types of connective tissue? loose connective tissue proper dense connective tissue proper fluid connective tissue lymph connective tissue supportive connective tissue

fluid connective tissue

Explain why a pseudostratified epithelium is not truly stratified. All the cells are not linked by tight junctions. All the cells do not contain a nucleus. All the cells' nuclei are round instead of elongated. All the cells form a single layer and contact the basement membrane. All the cells are not columnar.

All the cells form a single layer and contact the basement membrane.

Which type of tissue contracts to produce movements? muscle epithelial neural connective glandular

muscle

Describe the appearance of simple cuboidal epithelial cells in sectional view. They appear columnar with the nucleus in the bottom 1/3 of the cell. They appear flat and look like a cracked egg with the nucleus on top. They appear spherical with the nucleus in the middle. They appear like rounded fluffy cells with the nucleus placed irregularly in the cell. They appear like a cube, as tall as they are wide, with the nucleus centered in the middle of the cell.

They appear like a cube, as tall as they are wide, with the nucleus centered in the middle of the cell.

Which structures separate epithelial tissue from connective tissue? tight junctions desmosomes basement membranes junctional complexes gap junctions

basement membranes

All of the following are connective tissue proper, except adipose. loose areolar. dense regular. reticular. cartilage.

cartilage

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces of the body? muscle glandular epithelial connective neural

connective

Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except avascularity. secretion. contraction. polarity. regeneration.

contraction

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant? gap junctions basolateral junctions tight junctions hemidesmosomes desmosomes

desmosomes

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands. holocrine interstitial endocrine exocrine merocrine

endocrine

The lining of the heart and blood vessels is called perithelium. metothelium. endothelium. mesothelium. ectothelium.

endothelium

Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________. enzymes; hormones transport media; physical protectors odors; nutrition for nursing babies superficial relief; interstitial fluid lubrication; lubricators

enzymes; hormones

Cells that are specialized for secretion are usually stratified. are found only in the digestive system. are usually squamous. exhibit polarity. have a small nucleus.

exhibit polarity

________ are transmembrane proteins that connect two cell membranes together. Gap junctions Basal lamina Cell adhesion molecules Reticular lamina Adhesion belts

Cell adhesion molecules

Which type of glands secret their products by exocytosis? holocrine serous apocrine endocrine merocrine

merocrine

The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as perithelium. endothelium. mesothelium. ectothelium. metothelium.

mesothelium

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete sweat. insulin. sebum. mucus. milk.

mucus

Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as neuropsychoepithelia. psychoepithelia. protective epithelia. multilaminar epithelia. neuroepithelia.

neuroepithelia

Goblet cells are classified as simple alveolar glands. simple tubular glands. compound alveolar glands. unicellular exocrine glands. compound tubular glands.

unicellular exocrine glands

Which of the following cellular structures locks the terminal webs of neighboring cells to prevent cell distortion and leakage? adhesion belt tight junctions gap junctions basal lamina desmosomes

desmosomes

Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue. epithelial muscle neural connective adipose

epithelial

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is ________ tissue. muscle apical basal connective epithelial

epithelial

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces of the body? neural connective supportive epithelial muscle

epithelial

What two types of tissues contribute to the formation and maintenance of the basement membrane? epithelial and connective tissue epithelial and nervous tissue muscle and nervous tissue epithelial and muscle tissue connective and muscle tissue

epithelial and connective tissue

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably fat tissue. connective tissue. muscle tissue. epithelium. neural tissue.

epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found lining blood vessels. lining the trachea. forming the kidney tubules. lining the air sacs of the lungs. at the surface of the skin.

forming the kidney tubules

Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the urinary bladder. heart and blood vessels. mouth. large intestine. kidneys.

heart and blood vessels

Give the term for the "study of tissues." neurology embryology histology cytology pathology

histology

Which type of tissue conducts electrical impulses? epithelial neural muscle connective glandular

neural

What function is served by motile cilia on epithelial cell surfaces? propel material across the cell surface produce muscle contraction propel sperm move materials through cytoplasm move organelles

propel material across the cell surface

List four essential functions of epithelial tissue. creates loose open frameworks, controls permeability, secretes ground substance, and secretes plasma stores energy, interconnects other types of tissue, moves the skeleton, moves contents in hollow organs provides nutrients to neurons, regulates the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons, repairs nervous tissue, propagates electrical impulses provides physical protection, controls permeability, provides sensation, and produces specialized secretions produces collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, secretes ground substance, transports fluids, protects delicate organs

provides physical protection, controls permeability, provides sensation, and produces specialized secretions

Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for conduction. secretion. contraction. circulation. support.

secretion

A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind round pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called compound tubular. compound alveolar. simple alveolar (acinar). simple tubular. tubuloacinar.

simple alveolar (acinar).

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as compound tubular. simple alveolar. simple branched tubular. simple coiled tubular. compound alveolar.

simple coiled tubular

The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ________ epithelium. pseudostratified columnar simple columnar stratified squamous simple cuboidal simple squamous

simple squamous

The epithelial cells that are flat, thin and have one layer are called stratified cuboidal. stratified squamous. simple columnar. simple cuboidal. simple squamous.

simple squamous

________ epithelium is found inside the eyes. Stratified squamous Simple cuboidal Simple squamous Pseudostratified columnar Simple columnar

simple squamous

Gap junctions can be found in all of the following tissues except pseudostratified columnar epithelium. smooth muscle. simple columnar epithelium. cardiac muscle. skeletal muscle.

skeletal

The ________ epithelium is found in the large pancreatic ducts. stratified cuboidal stratified squamous pseudostratified columnar transitional stratified columnar

stratified columnar

The ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands are covered by ________ epithelium. pseudostratified columnar simple columnar stratified cuboidal simple cuboidal stratified squamous

stratified cuboidal

All of the following types of epithelium can be found where absorption or secretion takes place except pseudostratified columnar. simple columnar. simple squamous. stratified squamous. simple cuboidal.

stratified squamous

________ epithelium is found lining the anus and vagina. Simple columnar Stratified squamous Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar

stratified squamous

Identify the epithelium that lines the urinary bladder, and describe its unusual functional characteristic. simple cuboidal epithelium, allows for secretion of urine transitional epithelium, allows for repeated stretching and recoiling back to its original shape simple squamous epithelium, allows diffusion of urine into the urinary bladder pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells, produced mucus so the urine can pass easily stratified squamous epithelium, for protection of the urinary bladder as urine enters

transitional epithelium, allows for repeated stretching and recoiling back to its original shape

What functions are associated with a simple cuboidal epithelium and a transitional epithelium? A simple cuboidal epithelium is associated with stretching, and a transitional epithelium is associated with diffusion. A simple cuboidal epithelium is associated with diffusion, and a transitional epithelium is associated with absorption. A simple cuboidal epithelium is associated with protection, and a transitional epithelium is associated with absorption. A simple cuboidal epithelium is associated with secretion and absorption, and a transitional epithelium is associated with stretching. A simple cuboidal epithelium is associated with diffusion, and a transitional epithelium is associated with stretching.

A simple cuboidal epithelium is associated with secretion and absorption, and a transitional epithelium is associated with stretching.

________ epithelium is found in the ureter. Transitional Stratified squamous Simple columnar Stratified cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar

Transitional

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by keratin. interfacial canals. a basal lamina. gap junctions. proteoglycans.

a basal lamina

What is a tissue? smallest living unit in the body the highest level of organization in the body a group of similar cells and their cell products a group of organs working for a similar function the smallest stable unit of matter

a group of similar cells and their cell products

The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells. apocrine exocrine endocrine eccrine holocrine

apocrine

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product? serous apocrine merocrine mucus holocrine

apocrine

DNA mutation and development of cancerous cells are less dangerous in epithelial tissue than in connective tissue because epithelia are avascular. have gap junction. have tight junctions. have desmosomes. have apical surface.

are avascular

Why do the pharynx, esophagus, anus, and vagina have a similar epithelial organization? All these sites need large amounts of mucus production. All these sites are subject to physical stresses and abrasion. All these sites are avascular. All these sites line hollow organs. All these sites are well vascularized.

All these sites are subject to physical stresses and abrasion.

Describe the two primary types of glands. Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface. Mucus glands secrete mucus through a duct to the inside surface of body; sweat glands secrete sweat through a duct to the outside surface of the body. Endocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface; exocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid. Sweat glands secrete sweat through a duct to the outside surface of the body; oil glands secrete sebum through a duct to the outside surface of the body. Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions through a duct to the outside surface of the body.

Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface.

Describe the simplest type of unicellular exocrine gland. Simple coiled tubular gland; this has a single duct but a coiled secretory area. Goblet cell; this cell is scattered among absorptive cells in the intestines. Simple alveolar (acinar) gland; this is found during embryonic development and not in adults. Simple tubular gland; this gland has a single duct that does not divide at the straight glandular cells. Simple holocrine cell; this cell will burst to release its secretions.

Goblet cell; this cell is scattered among absorptive cells in the intestines.

What properties are common to keratinized epithelia? Keratinized epithelia are both tough and water resistant. Keratinized epithelia are found in both the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Keratinized epithelia are found both internally in the body and externally. Keratinized epithelia secrete both serous fluid and mucus fluid. Keratinized epithelia are excellent for both diffusion and protection.

Keratinized epithelia are both tough and water resistant.

Describe the changes in appearance of the transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder as stretching occurs. The cells become more columnar. The cells become more spherical. The cells become flatter. The cells become more cuboidal. The cells become pseudostratified.

The cells become flatter

Describe the appearance of simple columnar epithelial cells in a sectional view. They appear like a cube, as tall as they are wide, with the nucleus centered in the middle of the cell. They appear flat and look like a cracked egg with the nucleus on top. They appear spherical with the nucleus in the middle. They appear like rounded fluffy cells with the nucleus placed irregularly in the cell. They appear columnar with an elongated nucleus close to the basement membrane.

They appear columnar with an elongated nucleus close to the basement membrane.

What do a mesothelium and an endothelium have in common? They both are stratified squamous epithelium. They both are limited to the abdominal cavity. They both are simple columnar epithelium. They both line blood vessels. They both are simple squamous epithelium.

They both are simple squamous epithelium.

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? They line internal compartments and passageways. They afford little mechanical protection. They are avascular. They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs. They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.

They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.

What is the functional significance of gap junctions? They provide firm attachments between neighboring cells. They permit chemical communication (diffusion of ions and small molecules) that coordinates the activities of adjacent cells. They form a barrier that isolates the basolateral surfaces from deeper tissues. They attach the deepest epithelial cells to the basement membrane. They strengthen the apical region and prevent leakage.

They permit chemical communication (diffusion of ions and small molecules) that coordinates the activities of adjacent cells.

Endocrine glands empty their products into ________ and are referred to as ________ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into ________ or onto surfaces. cells; cellular; interstitial fluid interstitial fluid; ducted; cells interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts ducts; ducted; interstitial fluid interstitial fluid; ducted; interstitial fluid

interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts

The epithelial tissue that covers skin is classified as nonkeratinized stratified squamous. stratified cuboidal. simple cuboidal. keratinized stratified squamous. simple squamous.

keratinized stratified squamous

Simple columnar epithelia are found lining the gallbladder. lining kidney tubules. lining the urinary bladder. at the surface of the skin. lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.

lining the gallbladder

Transitional epithelium is found lining the urinary bladder. lining kidney tubules. at the surface of the skin. lining the ducts that drain sweat glands. lining the stomach.

lining the urinary bladder

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the male reproductive tract. surface of the skin. urinary bladder. stomach. secretory portions of the pancreas.

male reproductive tract

Epithelial cells lining the internal passageways of the genitourinary tract usually have ________ at their free surface. Golgi complexes junctional complexes mitochondria cilia microvilli

microvilli

What three characteristics are used to describe multicellular exocrine glands? number of ducts, width of the secretory area, and the distance between the duct and the secretory areas structure of the duct, shape of the secretory area, and relationship between the duct and secretory areas size, water-soluble or lipid-soluble secretions, and location of the gland depth of the secretory area, whether the duct opens inside or outside the body, and if the secretion is mucus or serous type of epithelial cells that line the duct, type of epithelial cells that make up the secretory area, and the mode of secretion

structure of the duct, shape of the secretory area, and relationship between the duct and secretory areas

Functions of epithelia include all of the following except producing specialized secretions. absorption. controlling permeability. providing physical protection. supporting muscle cells.

supporting muscle cells

Motile cilia cover the free surface of the gastrointestinal tract. the cardiovascular system. the urinary tract. the respiratory tract. all hollow organs.

the respiratory tract

Identify the various types of epithelial intercellular connections. connexons, synapses, receptors, and sarcolemma tight junctions, adhesion belts, gap junctions, and desmosomes hemidesmosomes, desmosomes, connexons, and fenestrations tight junctions, sinusoids, intercellular clefts, and fenestrations gap junctions, nodes of Ranvier, canaliculi, and synapses

tight junctions, adhesion belts, gap junctions, and desmosomes