chapter 4 psychology

The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures, such as those in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States has increased more than five years since 1960, to:

29 for men and 27 for women

_____ vs. stagnation is the stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development in which middle-aged adults discover a sense of contributing to the world.

Generativity

10. Your grandmother is in her early 80s and she is starting to seem frail to you. Which of the following are you likely to notice about her abilities?

Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing.

The idea that much of our morality is rooted in moral intuitions was stated by _____.

Jonathan Haidt

Which of the following individuals is in the late adulthood stage of development?

Juanita, who is 70 years old

Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison of the emotional well-being of older adults (over 65) and younger adults?

Older adults experience more positive feelings, supported by enhanced emotional control and the subsiding of negative feelings.

____ is a time when one is maturing sexually.

Puberty

Why is it that older people account for fewer than 10 percent of all automobile crashes when they have slower reaction time and attend less to other vehicles on the road as compared to younger adults?

They drive less than younger adults.

When we adapt our current understandings to incorporate information we have engaged in:

accommodation.

Which of the following reasons for successful aging is a biological influence in the biopsychosocial approach?

appropriate nutrition

Teen impulsivity is to late-maturing frontal lobes as old-age _____ is to frontal lobe atrophy.

bluntness

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. When she cut the pizza into smaller slices, Otto was happy because he now thought that there was more pizza. Otto lacks the concept of:

conservation.

The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of older adults (30 to 75 years of age) regarding memory and response time in relation to timed tasks. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) _____ study.

cross-sectional

Kevin is a tall and popular 16-year-old. He is also starting to use alcohol. It is likely that Kevin matured at a(n) _____ age.

early

Your cousin lost her pregnancy during her eighth week. During what stage of prenatal development did she have the miscarriage?

embryo

Terri is 20 years old and still very much dependent on her parents. They are paying for her college tuition as well as her living expenses. She spends her school holidays at home with them. According to some researchers, she is in the phase of life known as _____ adulthood.

emerging

Malcolm was contemplating dropping out of high school until he began working in a local day-care center, helping the children with their projects. After a few months, it is likely that Malcolm will:

feel better about himself and not drop out.

Following the death of a local teenager, Jo came to believe that the teen had been profiled as a potential threat because he was African-American. She decided to join in the protests and actively engaged in public demonstrations in her community and high school. Jo has entered the _____ stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget.

formal operational

"Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence" because their:

frontal lobes are not fully developed.

Marcia is in her forties and has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing the _____ versus stagnation stage.

generativity

When Peter celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company, he felt that the rare autographed baseball he was given, while nice, was just a meaningless trinket. He was glad that he had balanced his work with family life. Peter is in the stage of development called:

generativity versus stagnation.

Reggie is in his mid-fifties. Reggie can expect that he will experience a:

gradual decrease in testosterone.

Petra is considered a "fashionista" at school. At home, she is a tomboy. Petra is trying to find her _____.

identity

Wilbur is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Wilbur is in the stage of development called _____ vs. despair.

integrity

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of:

integrity.

According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is a comfortable sense of who one is and a developing capacity for:

intimacy with others.

The years after age 65 are known as _____ adulthood.

late

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____ study.

longitudinal

Dr. Greco is conducting a study of military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with anxiety disorders have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) _____ study.

longitudinal

Studies that restudy and retest the same people over a long period are called _____studies.

longitudinal

Adrianne is elated because she hasn't gotten her period in over a year and doesn't have to worry about an unintended pregnancy. Adrianne is probably experiencing _____.

menopause

Juanita is 56 years old. She is in which stage of adult development?

middle adulthood

Margie is 90 years old. She still plays golf and walks two miles a day. This exercise aids memory by stimulating the development of ______.

neural connections

Judd believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.

postconventional

Robin is 17 years old and has decided to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity this summer because she wants to give back to people who are not as fortunate as she is. Robin has probably reached the _____ stage of moral development.

postconventional

Those in this stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral thinking would be likely to say something like, "People have a right to live."

postconventional morality

Paul thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Paul demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.

preconventional

All of the following are more difficult for older adults than for younger adults EXCEPT:

remembering meaningful information.

Puberty is the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of _____.

reproducing

Cross- _____ studies compare people of different ages with one another.

sectional

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or are insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

secure; insecure

Puberty is the period of ___maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

sexual

Antonio is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. Antonio is more likely to be:

sexually active.

Many computerized games are designed to improve cognitive functioning and reduce cognitive decline by exercising both memory and attention. Research has shown that those who engage in such games:

show improvement in the practiced skills.

Rolanda is 33 years old. She has a full-time career and is not married. Rolanda's mother keeps asking when she will get married and have children, insisting that Rolanda should be a wife and mother by now. Rolanda's mother's remarks reflect the _____ of her generation.

social clock

Anthony has signed up for a horticulture class. When he walks into the classroom on the first day he realizes that everyone else in the class, including the teacher, are women. He is aware of his:

social identity.

Which of the following is a major contribution to the stage theory of development?

the idea that people of one age think and act differently when they arrive at a later age

Which of the following refers to what began as a zygote's outer cells and screens out many harmful substances that might be dangerous to the developing embryo and fetus?

the placenta

Ethel loves to talk about when she and her husband first were married. She has so many stories about their struggles and accomplishments. This is common, as older adults tend to remember:

things that happened during their teens and twenties well.

Erik Erikson proposed that at each stage of life we face a psychosocial task that needs resolution. The first task that infants wrestle with is:

trust vs. mistrust.