chapter 4 review

allow bacteria to pass through unaffected

Lysosomes are vesicles bounded by membranes that contain oxidative enzymes. Their functions include all of the following except they

dna

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain

proteins inward and outwards, but RNA only outward

Nuclear pores apparently permit the passage of only

ribosome assembly

Nucleolus of the nucleus is the site of

ribosomes produce enzymes that could be stored in lysosomes

One of the relationships that exists between ribosomes and lysosomes is that

mitochondria and chloropasts

The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the finding of non-nuclear DNA in which of the following organelles?

golgi complex

The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called

Ribosome assembly

The functions of the cytoskeleton include all of the following except

bacteria

The genetic material of which kind of cells is included in a single, circular molecule of DNA devoid of any histone proteins?

mitochondria

The organelle involved in the oxygen-requiring process by which the energy in macromolecules is stored in ATP is the

amino acids

The peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of

packaging DNA

The proteins of the plasma membrane are in large part responsible for the cell's ability to interact with its environment. They act as or are involved in all of the following except

mouse, high metabolic rate

Which of the following animals has the largest surface area to volume ratio AND is matched correctly with its metabolic rate?

lysosome-peroxisome

Which of the following associations is unlike the others?

nucleiod

Which of the following is not bounded by membranes?

cell wall

Which of the following is not present in all eukaryotic cells?

large virus

Which of the following is not visible by use of a light microscope?

nucleus

Which structure is the repository of the genetic information that directs all of the activities of the cell?

hooke

Who first described cells?

golgi apparatus and ER

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins. Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted to the plasma membrane, in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?

confocal microscope

Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image. Which microscope should you use?

endosymbiosis

_________ is the generally accepted evolutionary process which created the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria

cytoplasm

a semi-fluid matrix called the ______ occupies the area between nucleus and the plasma membrane

cells

all _____ contain a plasma membrane

extracellular matrix

animals cells excrete glycoproteins outside the plasma membrane to produce an __________ which is directly linked to the cytoskeleton

volume

as a cell's size increases, the __________ increases much more rapidly than its surface area

golgi apparatus

delivery system of eukaryotic cells called the ______ can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules

nucleus

distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of their chromosomal DNA which is tightly packaged with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a _______

Mitochondria

even though they were similarly created by endosymbiosis, ________________ are important in respiration, while chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis

communication between the nucleus and cytoskeleton

mutation in an integrin protein would likely affect all of the following except

membrane

plasma _______ encloses the cell and separates its contents from the surroundings

decreases

small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio

cytoskeleton

the ______ is not only responsible for the cell;s shape and movement, but it also provides a scaffolding at certain locations of cytoplasm for some enzymes and macromolecules

cells

the cell theory states that all of the ______ on earth are individual cells or aggregates of cells

organelles

the interior of eukaryotic cells contain numerous membrane-bound structures called ________

organelles

The cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions. These are called

chlorophyll

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called

tens of thousand times bigger

The electron microscope can magnify an object typically

the movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus

A cell biologist has developed a new drug that will block the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. If eventually approved by the FDA, she wants to use this new drug to aid cancer patients. What specifically will this drug prevent from happening inside a cancer cell?

mitochondria

A cell biologist treats a cell so that oxygen cannot diffuse across the membrane. Which organelle will be directly affected?

"this tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body"

A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope. He notices in particular that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and of course knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He is curious about why there are so many ribosomes. You can help. Your response would be,

scanning electron microscope

A team of researchers is writing a grant for a microscope to use in their research on the external structures on the dorsal surface of a spider mite. The specific region on the mite's back seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite. These mites are extremely tiny and only one microscope with very high magnification can be purchased. Based on the information given, which type of microscope would you suggest?

lysosome

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in the protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected?

they have similar function as mitochondria of eukaryotic cells

All of the following about flagella of bacteria are true except

mitochondria

All of the following are considered to be part of the endomembrane system except

prokaryote that engulfed another free-living photosynthetic prokaryotic that eventually developed into chloroplasts.

All plants contain chloroplasts with both chlorophyll a and b. By comparison, almost all prokaryotic organisms only contain chlorophyll a. One exception is Prochloron, which contains both chlorophyll a and b. According to the endosymbiotic theory, how did photosynthetic plants arise and how did the discovery of Prochloron in the 1970's lend support to this theory?

1 to 2 micrometers thick

Bacteria are generally

cytoskeleton reorganization

Cell crawling is essential for all of the following except

lipid bilayer

Centrioles are organelles which have all of the following except

during cell division

Chromosomes can be condensed into compact structures, visible with the light microscope, but usually only

protein synthesis

During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?

golgi bodies

Flattened sacks of membranes apparently involved in the packaging and export of molecules synthesized in the cell are known as

ribosome

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, which of the following structures must you include?

gram negative

Gram staining is a common method of distinguishing bacteria. It takes advantage of the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall. What type of bacteria appear red after staining with a secondary dye?

nucleus would become misshapen

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a very rare disease that is caused by several different mutations in the lamin A gene. If you were to culture cells from patients who have Progeria, what effect might you expect to see over time?

you would be stuck in the golgi

If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face, what would happen to you?

antibody interference assay, bright-field microscopy

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue, which of the following experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?

both kinesin and dynein

If you were working inside of a cell and you needed to move a vesicle along microtubules toward the center of the cell, which molecular motor(s) would you choose to help you?

energy release/capture

In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in

microbodies

Peroxisomes in animal cells, and glyoxosomes in plant cells are examples of

plasma membrane

Photosynthetic bacterial membranes are located in the

central vacuole

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances. This organelle is called a

cell walls

Plants, fungi, and bacteria share which one of the following characteristics?

flagella

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to the

large molecular aggregates of protein and RNA

Ribosomes are

all cells need oxygen

Schlieden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form includes all of the following postulates except

cell wall

Some of the functions of the eukaryotic organelles are performed in bacteria by the

rough ER

Some ribosomes are embedded into

archael membranes contain special lipids

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80C. Which of the following features allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?

nucleus

The chromosomal hereditary material is packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. This organelle is

9+2

many eukaryotic cells possess flagella or cilia, which have the characteristic _____________ arrangement

lysosome

membrane-bound organelles that contain powerful enzymes found in cells are known as

Cytoskeleton

microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting structure called the _________