Chapter 4 Study Guide

An abnormally high blood glucose level is called 1) ketosis 2) hyperglycemia 3) hypoglycemia 4) glycosis

2) hyperglycemia

Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the 1) stomach 2) small intestine 3) large intestine 4) mouth

2) small intestine

When no carbohydrates are available, fat is burned for energy and is not completely broke down. That causes these acidic compounds to form. 1) hyperglycemia 2) type 1 diabetes 3) ketosis 4) type 2 diabetes

3) ketosis

Which organ stores and releases glucose as needed to maintain blood sugar levels? 1) colon 2) stomach 3) liver 4) kidney

3) liver

Two glucose molecules joined together form: 1) lactose 2) sucrose 3) maltose 4) dextrose

3) maltose

Once in the bloodstream, carbohydrates travel to the liver through the __________________. 1) aortic artery 2) pancreas 3) portal vein 4) kidneys

3) portal vein

_____________ sweeteners are not as sweet as sugar but less likely to cause tooth decay. They are commonly found in sugar-free gum and mints. 1) Refined 2) Natural 3) Nutritive 4) Sugar alcohol

4) Sugar alcohol

Typically, candies, soft drinks, deserts, and jellies are high in 1) galactose 2) glucose 3) maltose 4) fructose

4) fructose

Which is not a common monosaccharide found in the diet? 1) fructose 2) galactose 3) glucose 4) maltose

4) maltose

This hormone is released by the adrenal gland in response to sudden stress or danger, ensuring that the body cells have adequate energy for emergencies. a) Glucagon b) Insulin c) Epinephrine d) Secretin

c) Epinephrine

All types of plant foods, but not animal sources of food, contain this type of carbohydrate. a) Lactose b) Glycogen c) Fiber d) Fructose

c) Fiber

What substance is the primary fuel for the brain and other nerve cells? a) Fatty acids b) Amino acids c) Glucose d) Ketones

c) Glucose

During exercise, this type of stored carbohydrate in human muscles is broken down rapidly into single glucose molecules for energy. a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Glycogen d) Fiber

c) Glycogen

Human milk contains more than one hundred different ___, which serve a function similar to dietary fiber in adults. a) Monosaccharides b) Disaccharides c) Oligosaccharides d) Polysaccharides

c) Oligosaccharides

This process removes the outer husk, bran layers, and sometimes the inner germ of the grain kernel. White flour is an example of this process, which is called: a) Fortification b) Enrichment c) Refinement d) Replacement

c) Refinement

This monosaccharide does not usually exist in food by itself, but is joined to other sugars to form disaccharides, starch, or dietary fiber. a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Galactose d) Sucrose

d) Sucrose?? (got this question wrong)

From the following, select each of the hormones that regulate blood glucose. a) Glucagon b) Epinephrine c) Insulin d) Pancreatic lipase e) Pancreatic amylase

Glucagon, & Insulin?? (got this question wrong)

True or false? Although most cells can burn fat for energy, the body also uses glucose to burn fat efficiently. 1) True 2) False

1) True

True or false? Another name for table sugar is sucrose. 1) True 2) False

1) True

True or false? Fiber in our diets binds cholesterol as well as small amounts of minerals in the GI tract and prevents them from being absorbed. 1) True 2) False

1) True

True or false? Good dental hygiene, adequate fluoride, and a well-balanced diet are all key components for strong tooth formation and will help prevent cavity formation. 1) True 2) False

1) True

True or false? High intake of foods rich in dietary fiber offer many health benefits, including reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders. 1) True 2) False

1) True

The primary fuel in the body is 1) glucose 2) lactose 3) glycogen 4) maltose

1) glucose

Milk sugar is known as 1) lactose 2) fructose 3) glucose 4) maltose

1) lactose

The AMDR for carbohydrate is____________ percent of the daily kilocalories. 1) 70 to 75 2) 45 to 65 3) 45 to 50 4) 40 to 45

2) 45 to 65%

True or false? A positive effect of consumption of sugar is that it kills harmful bacteria in the mouth. 1) True 2) False

2) False

True or false? Carbohydrate digestion begins in the small intestine. 1) True 2) False

2) False

True or false? Fructose, glucose, and galactose are good examples of disaccharides. 1) True 2) False

2) False

True or false? Gastric acid is an enzyme that assists in the digestion of starch by breaking starch into many units of the disaccharide maltose. 1) True 2) False

2) False

True or false? Large amounts of glycogen can be consumed through eating beef or chicken. 1) True 2) False

2) False

The part of a kernel of grain that is rich in protein, oils, vitamins and minerals is the: a) Germ b) Endoderm c) Bran d) Husk

a) Germ

This monosaccharide tastes the sweetest of all the sugars and is used by food manufacturers as an additive to sweeten many foods, including soft drinks, fruit beverages, desserts, candies, jellies, and jams. a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Galactose d) Dextrose

b) Fructose

After absorption, fructose and galactose are converted into ___ in the liver. a) Lactose b) Glucose c) Xylitol d) Sucrose

b) Glucose

Which of the following best describes why carbohydrate digestion stops while food is in the stomach? a) Body heat slows the necessary chemical reactions. b) Carbohydrates have already been broken down into monosaccharides in the mouth. c) Salivary enzymes lose their ability to continue digestion in an acid environment. d) Churning of food in the stomach keeps carbohydrates separated from crucial enzymes.

c) Salivary enzymes lose their ability to continue digestion in an acid environment.

If carbohydrate is not available, both _____ and _____ can be used for energy. a) Fructose and glucose b) Protein and water c) Fructose and protein d) Protein and fat

d) Protein and fat