Chapter 4: The Visual Elements

What does the architecture of the Guggenheim Museum encourage visitors to do?

Investigate

What kind of perspective do Islamic painters frequently use because it allows for scenes to be depicted as they might be seen from God's perspective?

Isometric

What does movement have to do with Nick Cave's Soundsuits?

It allowed Cave to express his feelings tangibly.

What does space do?

It defines other visual elements.

To create visual mass in a two-dimensional image, artist will use what kind of light?

Representational

Artists working with select pigments and their mixtures, tints, and shades are described as using what kind of palette?

Restricted

What did travels to Italy inspire Albrecht Dürer to do?

Seek the perfect human form

As demonstrated in John Frederick Kensett's Lake George, what does atmospheric perspective do?

Simulates the recession of space by using bluish or hazy effects in the background

What interacts with other visual elements of an artwork to give them definition?

Space

What light source used in the painting Boys on the Beach is the artist Joaquin Sorolla trying to depict?

Sun

What is normally experienced through touch?

Texture

When analyzing how an object's surface may feel, with what do viewers identify?

Texture

Which work is an example of mass?

The Raven and the First Men

What are the three properties of color?

Value Intensity Hue

What does Mona Hatoum consider when viewers encounter the work Dormiente?

Viewers will project their own encounters of similar texture.

How does Nick Cave create motion with Soundsuits?

With sculptural pieces to be worn and performed in

Which would be a complementary color scheme in a composition?

Yellow and purple

Although Emmi Whitehorse's Chanter is consider monochromatic, it can also be labeled as ______.

complementary

The perpendicular layering of closely spaced lines over one another to simulate areas of dark or shadow is defined as ______.

cross-hatching

Anish Kapoor used space in Cloud Gate to encourage ______.

exploration

The shape that is visually detached from a background is known as ______.

figure

Albrecht Dürer's Draftsman Drawing a Reclining Nude specifically illustrates the artist practicing ______.

foreshortening

Linear perspective applies to any form that recedes into the distance, which is an effect known as ______.

foreshortening

Discussing shape as a background is also known as ______.

ground

Space displaced by a mass is considered as ______.

ground

The gradual blurring and bluish tinting of elements as they recede into the background characterizes what kind of perspective?

Atmospheric

How does Jacques Callot use contour lines in this drawing?

By capturing the major forms of the horse

In what ways are the palette for an artist considered?

A select set of colors an artist is using The surface used to mix colors

What kind of texture does Mona Hatoum uses in her work Dormiente?

Actual

Which are types of space?

Actual Implied

Isometric perspective allowed the viewer to have what kind of perspective?

Aerial

Jenifer Steinkamp uses time and motion in what ways in her piece Dervish?

Allowed the actions of the viewer to effect the sequence of the video Created a digital animation of trees that change on cue

What harmony uses adjacent colors on the color wheel?

Analogous

Aerial perspective is also known as what kind of perspective?

Atmospheric

How does Jan Vermeer elicit calm emotions in his piece Young Woman with a Water Pitcher?

By depicting a calm domestic subject matter By placing various hues and values of blue throughout the composition

How does the artist create contrasting texture in this work?

By leaving some rough areas

How does Peter Paul Ruben convey dynamic action and movement in his painting Raising of the Cross?

By placing forms and objects on a diagonal

In what ways does Rosalba Carreira emphasize the positive shapes in the portrait of Gustavus Hamilton?

By using texture to define positive shapes By limiting the color of the ground By changing the color of the shapes

How does Henri Cartier-Bresson keep his photograph from appearing static?

By using the vertical and arched railing to frame and direct the viewer

Which are examples of using real light?

Candle illuminating a sculpture Sculpture light by artificial light

Which work is described as having a monochromatic color scheme?

Chanter

Linear perspective was often used with what technique to create depth on a picture plane?

Chiaroscuro

What color harmony is more likely to "react" with a color in a palette?

Complementary

What creates the simultaneous contrast seen in this piece?

Complementary colors

The concave and convex areas on Bill Reid's The Raven and the First Men shows what technique?

Considered how the piece would interact with real light sources

How do most artists use color theories to their advantage?

Control how colors interact

Visual cues can give a flat surface the appearance of what three-dimensional space?

Depth

What kind of line can push an image forward or backward for the viewer?

Diagonal

What is isometric perspective?

Diagonal lines that are parallel without converging

By using vertical and diagonal lines, what can an artist accomplish?

Direct the viewer's attention Create movement

On the primal level, how can color effect a person?

Emotionally

For what was Albrecht Dürer best known?

Engraving

What are the two primary uses of line in art?

Establish shape by denoting borders Convey direction and motion

True or false: Texture in a work of art can only be experienced through touch.

False

What does the patterns used in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait do to the image?

Flatten

Mixing pigments that are complementary on the color wheel will produce what color?

Grayish brown

Which figures are foreshortened in Hans Baldung Grien's The Groom and the Witch?

Groom Horse

How did Frank Gehry encourage exploration in the Guggenheim Museum?

He eliminated walls.

What does Edvard Munch do to create the stressful, chaotic emotions in his work The Scream?

He uses diagonals, swirls, and contrasting colors.

How does Joaquuin Sorolla create a realistic depiction of representational light in the painting Boys on the Beach?

Highlights and shadows follow the direction of the sun.

The contrast of materials and textures makes the viewer aware of what?

How colonization encountered other civilizations

Which are color properties?

Hue Intensity Value

What type of line is created by strategic placement of objects and elements to guide the viewer's attention?

Implied

When objects are layered and positioned in particular ways on a picture plane, what can be created?

Implied depth

What does Gijsbrechts use to create the trompe l'oeil effect in his painting Trompe l'oeil with Studio Wall and Vanitas Still-Life?

Implied light

How does Raphael create unity in the work The Madonna of the Meadows?

Implied shape

Which characteristics best describe an implied line?

It directs the viewer's eye without explicitly depicting a line. It's an imaginary line that a viewer uses to follow the gaze of a figure.

What is a kinetic work of art?

It features one or more moving parts.

What form exists in three-dimensional space?

Mass

What does Gijsbrechts do in Trompe l'oeil with Studio Wall and Vanitas Still-Life to create visual texture?

Mimic wood texture using paint Use implied light

When a color harmony is hard to recognize it is possible that it is what kind of palette?

Open

As depicted in Evening, Honfleur, Seurat's "dots," or use of pointillism, represent what coloring technique?

Optical mixing

Hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are methods that use lines or dots to create value through what means?

Optical mixing

Which are secondary colors?

Orange Green Violet

What term categorizes masses and shapes that are irregular and evoke the living forms of nature?

Organic

What type of line defines a two-dimensional shape?

Outline

Which line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?

Outline

How can linear perspective be easily recognized in an image?

Parallel lines converge at a central point.

Which artist is known for using triadic harmony in his works of art?

Piet Mondrian

What can an artist use to create an afterimage?

Place complementary colors of the same value in a composition

Which combination of colors is considered a triadic harmony?

Red, Blue, Yellow

What Gestalt theory explains why the viewer sees a triangle?

Reification

In what ways does Jean-Antoine Watteau control the narration of The Embarkation for Cythera with implied lines?

The arms of Venus point to the seated couple. Certain figures gaze in particular directions.

How is the viewer aware of the materials used in this coconut-shell cup?

The artist leaves certain areas on the coconut rough.

How did linear perspective change the artist's view on a picture plane?

The picture plane was seen as a window for the viewer.

Of what does a triadic harmony consist?

Three colors equidistant on the color wheel

How does the work Dormiente create visual texture?

Through the viewer's experience with similar textures

Jacques Callot's gestural drawing of a horse uses contour lines to do what?

To capture the form of the horse

Why does John Frederick Kensett use atmospheric perspective in his work Lake George?

To create a naturalistic landscape

How is the representation of light used in two-dimensional works of art?

To create visual mass

For what reasons does Leonardo da Vinci uses linear perspective in The Last Supper?

To imply radiating lines coming from Jesus To guide the viewer to the center of the composition

Why does Alexander Calder use movement in his piece Carmen?

To represent the fragility of time

Asif Khan created a timed sequence of Megafaces Kinetic Facade for what reason?

To send a timely text to models to see their portraits

Actual texture in a work of art is experienced through what sense?

Touch

Because analogous colors are adjacent one another on the color wheel, the colors can create what kind of emotion?

Tranquil

By using an analogous color scheme in the piece Magnolias and Irises, Louise Comfort Tiffany is able to create what kind of atmosphere for the viewer?

Tranquil

What technique do artists use to recreate natural textures on a flat painted surface?

Trompe l'oeil

Mona Hatoum uses actual texture to do what in the piece Dormiente?

Turn a familiar piece into something treacherous

What is an open palette?

Unlimited hues and their mixtures, tints, and shades

A form that occupies a volume of space is known as ______.

mass

Compositions composed of a single hue in different values and intensity are classified as ______.

monochromatic

The decorative, designs in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait is an example of ______.

pattern

A flat surface used to create a work of art without creating visual depth is called ______.

picture plane

The flat surface used when creating two-dimensional works is known as ______.

picture plane

When an artists adds black to a hue to get a darker color, the value created is known as ______.

shade

A line that occupies a surface area with identifiable boundaries is called ______.

shape

Colors that are the product of a primary color and a secondary color are labeled as ______ colors.

tertiary intermediate

Shades of light and dark are also known as ______.

values

In an additive color mixing process of light, red, green, and blue combine to create ______.

white