chapter 4 uppers downers and all arounders

Which of the following statements concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs are true?

As tolerance to a drug develops, the user can also develop tolerance to other drugs he actually uses from different chemical families. As tissue dependence on a drug develops, the user can also develop dependence on other drugs in a different chemical family. As tissue dependence on a depressant drug develops, the user also develops dependence on other drugs in its same chemical family.

Which of the following statements best describes the effects depressants have on the central nervous system (CNS)?

Depressants decrease rate of breathing and heart rate.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system?

It is activated by dopamine It is largely responsible for drives to have sex, eat, and drink (water as well as alcohol). It releases a surge of pleasure that encourages repetition of behaviors intended primarily for survival.

Which of the following statements about opioids is true?

There is almost no limit to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop.

Why is it dangerous to combine an opioid with a downer like alcohol, barbiturates, or benzodiazepines?

because the combination of depressants increases the potential for respiratory depression, overdose, and death

Of the following semi-synthetic/synthetic opiate drugs, which is NOT a correct match with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it?

diacetylmorphine | Suboxone

Which of the following drugs are designed to be used as prescription pain medication for pain management but may also become addictive and recreationally abused?

hydrocodone oxycodone codeine

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drug's effects. Considering this fact, which of the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal?

insomnia and anxiety high blood pressure, rapid pulse, and tachycardia bone, joint, and muscular pain

In addition to alcohol and opioids, other depressant drugs include which of the following?

skeletal muscle relaxants sedative-hypnotics, including benzodiazepines over-the-counter and look-alike downers, including antihistamines

Which of the following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among U.S. military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan?

the availability of heroin the availability of prescription opiates like hydrocodone and oxycodone the stress of years of war and combat post-traumatic stress