Chapter 4 -

What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare the body protein from an excessive breakdown? A) 50-100 g B) 100-150 g C) 150-200 g D) 200-250 g

A) 50-100 g

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have how many atoms of carbon? A) 6 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12

A) 6

Excessive consumption of soft drinks, orange juice, and sports drinks increases the risk for the development of dental caries, because they contain sugar and _________. A) a low pH (acid) B) organic bases (alkali) C) resistant starch D) insufficient fluoride

A) a low pH (acid)

What effect do the ketone bodies have on the blood pH? A) decrease blood pH B) increase blood pH C) neutralize blood pH D) have no effect on blood pH

A) decrease blood pH

Once absorbed, all the monosaccharides are converted to ________ by the liver. A) glucose B) fructose C) galactose D) maltose

A) glucose

Which substance is known as the blood sugar or dextrose? A) glucose B) sucrose C) fructose D) lactose

A) glucose

7) The storage form of glucose in humans and animals is A) glycogen. B) amylose. C) starch. D) polysaccharide.

A) glycogen

Which of the following enzymes is lacking or insufficient in an individual with the lactose intolerance? A) lactase B) galactase C) amylase D) sucrose

A) lactase

In the time between the meals, which organ releases the glucose from the stores to help maintain the normal blood glucose levels? A) liver B) pancreas C) intestines D) skeletal muscle

A) liver

In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored? A) muscle and liver B) pancreas and kidneys C) stomach and intestine D) brain and red blood cells

A) muscle and liver

The enzymes that hydrolyze the disaccharides into the monosaccharides are found in the ____. A) small intestine B) pancreas C)saliva D) colon

A) small intestine

When glycogen stores are full, excess glucose is converted to ________ in the process of lipogenesis. A) triglycerides B) amino acids C) starch D) protein

A) triglycerides

A bond that forms between two sugar molecules is called a glycosidic bond. A. True B. False

A. True

Brush border enzymes break down maltose into two molecules of glucose. A. True B. False

A. True

Fiber is a nondigestible carbohydrate (cellulose) that provides structural support to the cell wall in plants. A. True B. False

A. True

Glucose is the preferred source of energy for the brain and red blood cells. A. True B. False

A. True

Insoluble fiber can help to reduce constipation. A. True B. False

A. True

The monosaccharide galactose is seldom found on its own in nature. A. True B. False

A. True

Approximately how many kcalories are provided by one teaspoon of sugar? A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40

B) 20

What is a normal range (mg/d) for the fasting blood glucose? A) 60-70 B) 70-109 C) 100-119 D) 120 -139

B) 70-109

All of the following contribute to the development of the dental caries except A) dried fruits. B) alcohol C) hard candies. D) starchy foods.

B) alcohol

Which of the following sugars is the sweetest tasting? A) galactose B) fructose C) glucose D) maltose

B) fructose

When blood glucose concentration falls, what hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose from the liver? A) insulin B) glucagon C) epinephrine D) cortisone

B) glucagon

Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of A) amino acids from the glucose B) glucose from a non-carbohydrate substance C) fat from the excess carbohydrate intake D) glycogen from glucagon

B) glucose from a non-carbohydrate substance

What is the composition of the sucrose? A) two fructose molecules B) one glucose and one fructose molecules C) one glucose and one galactose molecules D) one galactose and one fructose molecules

B) one glucose and one fructose molecules

Bacteria in the colon can break apart some dietary fibers into A) glucose. B) short-chain fatty acids. C) amino acids. D) glycogen

B) short-chain fatty acids

All of the following are symptoms of the lactose intolerance except A) bloating. B) skin rash. C) cramps. D) flatulence

B) skin rash.

12) The storage form of the glucose in the plants is A) glycogen. B) starch. C) maltose. D) lactose

B) starch

The term Insulin resistance means that A) the pancreas stops making the insulin. B) the insulin receptors on the cells have stopped responding to insulin, therefore the glucose cannot enter the cells C) ketone bodies build up in the blood. D) blood glucose levels drop below normal.

B) the insulin receptors on the cells have stopped responding to insulin, therefore the glucose cannot enter the cells

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. A. True B. False

B. False

Carbohydrates are found primarily in animal-based foods. A. True B. False

B. False

Enzymes break down lactose into a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose. A. True B. False

B. False

What is the RDA for the carbohydrates? A) 10 g B) 45 g C) 130 g D) 250 g

C) 130 g

What is the minimum Adequate Intake (AI) of fiber for adults per day? A) 15 B) 20 C) 25 D) 30

C) 25

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the type 2 diabetes? A) It is more prevalent than type 1. B) It is common in individuals who are overweight or obese. C) It is an autoimmune disease. D) It is often preceded by the insulin resistance.

C) It is an autoimmune disease.

Which of the following sweeteners should NOT be consumed by individuals with the disease phenylketonuria? A) sorbitol B) sucralose C) aspartame D) saccharin

C) aspartame

Which of the following fibers is not water soluble? A) gums B) pectins C) cellulose D) mucilages

C) cellulose

Of the following dairy foods, which has the least amount of the lactose? A) whole milk B) yogurt C) cheddar cheese D) ice cream

C) cheddar cheese

The hormone glucagon from the pancreas acts on the liver to stimulate A) lipogenesis. B) gluconeogenesis. C) glycogenolysis. D) glycolysis.

C) glycogenolysis

The majority of the carbohydrate digestion occurs in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) small intestine. D) colon.

C) small intestine

A 20-ounce bottle of a typical soft drink contains ____ teaspoons of sugar. A) 6 B) 10 C) 14 D) 17

D) 17

The enzyme salivary amylase breaks down A) fiber. B) maltose. C) disaccharides. D) amylose and amylopectin

D) amylose and amylopectin

What nutrient has accounted for virtually all of the increase in kCal intake of people in the United States since the 1970s leading marked increase in the obesity and resulting chronic diseases A) fat B) protein C) alcohol D) carbohydrate

D) carbohydrate

What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together? A) hydrolysis B) absorption C) disaccharide D) condensation

D) condensation

All of the following are symptoms of the hypoglycemia except A) light-headedness. B) Confusion C) hunger. D) diarrhea.

D) diarrhea.

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the human or animal body? A) fiber B) starch C) glucagon D) glycogen

D) glycogen

A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is ____. A) very high B) low C) moderate D) high

D) high

Which of the following sugars is a disaccharide? A) glucose B) galactose C) fructose D) lactose

D) lactose

What is the primary function of the insulin? A) raising blood glucose levels B) stimulating intestinal carbohydrate absorption C) stimulating the glycogen breakdown D) lowering the blood glucose levels by transferring it into the body cells for its metabolism

D) lowering the blood glucose levels by transferring it into the body cells for its metabolism

All of the following are health benefits of soluble fiber except A) normalizes blood glucose B) reduces serum cholesterol. C) delays gastric emptying. D) stimulates appetite.

D) stimulates appetite.

What is the primary function of the carbohydrate in human body? A) to encourage muscle growth B) to lower blood glucose C) to strengthen bones D) to provide the energy

D) to provide the energy