Chapter 4.1 Intro to probability

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You guess that there is a 55% chance that you will be assigned homework in your Spanish class on Thursday.

subjective probability

experimental probability

(empirical probability) uses the outcomes obtained by repeatedly performing an experiment to calculate the probability

classical probability

(theoretical probability) is the most precise type of probability and can only be calculated when all possible outcomes in the sample space are down and equally likely to occur

There are 124 identical plastic chips numbered 1 through 124 in a box. What is the probability of reaching into the box and randomly drawing a chip number that is greater than 44?

124-44 = 80 80/124 = .6452

A standard six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number greater than 4?

2/6 = .3333

You decide to record the hair colors of people leaving a lecture at your school. What is the probability that the next person who leaves the lecture will have blonde hair? Blonde Red Brown Black Gray 31 25 18 40 42

31+25+18+40+42= 156 31/156 = .1987 or 31/156

There are 151 identical plastic chips numbered 1 1 through 151 in a box. What is the probability of reaching into the box and randomly drawing a chip number that is smaller than 41 ? Express your answer as a simplified fraction or a decimal rounded to four decimal places.

40/151 = .2649

What is the probability of rolling a sum of 6 on a standard pair of six-sided dice?

6x6 = 36 1+5, 4+5, 3+3, 2+4, 4+2 = 5 ways 5/36 = .1388

not mutually exclusive

can happen at the same time example: choosing a jack; choosing a diamond ( can be a jack thats a diamond)

mutually exclusive

cannot happen at the same time example: turning left and turning right example: tossing a coin - heads and tails

Decide if the following probability is classical, empirical, or subjective. Selecting an 8 from a standard deck of cards

classical probability

What is the probability that a randomly selected person will have a birthday in December? Assume that this person was not born in a leap year. Express your answer as a simplified fraction or a decimal rounded to four decimal places.

december = 31 days 31 / 365 = 0.0849

Decide if the following probability is classical, empirical, or subjective. You calculate that the probability of randomly choosing a student who is left-handed is about 22%

empirical probability

A subset of outcomes of the sample space is called a(n)

event

subjective probability

is an educated guess regarding the chance that an event will occur

Choosing a heart or a club out of a standard deck of cards.

mutually exclusive

Choosing a red card or a spade out of a standard deck of cards.

mutually exclusive

Choosing a heart or a club out of a standard deck of cards.

not mutually exclusive


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