Chapter 4,5,6-TEST 2

Erving Goffman theorized social life as a kind of con game, in which each individual works to *control the impressions* that others have of her. What did Goffman call this process?

*Impression management*

Which of the following are characterized by long-term, intimate, face-to-face relationships?

*Primary* groups

A waitress is hired at the local branch of La Maison de la Casa House, and on her first day, she is given strict instructions to always wear black pants with a white shirt, to never carry a notepad, and to always address customers as "sir" or "madam." All of these things are elements of:

*personal front*

a position in a social hierarchy that comes with a set of expectations called

*status*

Members of which of the following think of themselves as belonging together while also interacting with each other?

a group

Which of the following would be considered *a group* in the sociological sense?

a high school chess club

which of the following is best suited to prevent groupthink?

a leader who encourages and rewards the presentation of alternative opinions

A ________ is a status that seems to override all other statuses that an individual may possess.

master status

"Socialization" refers to the

*Lifelong process* by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.

A man arrested for driving under the influence must attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings in accordance with a court order. He attends the meetings so as to avoid a jail sentence and a hefty fine, but not because he wants to. What do sociologists call this kind of conformity?

Compliance

Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?

Families *begin the socialization process before there are any other competing influences*.

Susie isn't old enough to go to school yet, but she loves to play house. She has a toy stove and she pretends to be a mother. Sometimes, when that gets boring, she goes outside, takes a garden hose, and pretends to be a firefighter. George Herbert Mead would say that Susie is:

In the *play stage*

what is the danger of too much group cohesion?

It can lead to groupthink, in which dissenting opinions are strongly discouraged

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. On the one hand, it's his job to try and win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players; on the other, his contract also requires that he try to allow every member of the team to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is called:

Role strain

According to the sociological explanation of emotions, which of the following statements about grief is true?

The *experience of grief is universal*, but *expressions of grief are cultural/ vary*.

Durkheim worried that individuals would feel less and less connected to the groups in an increasingly fragmented modern world, which leads to:

anomie, or normlessness.

As children get older, which agent of socialization tends to replace parents as their *most intense and immediate influence*?

peers

example of total institution

prison

What sorts of things do students learn from the hidden curriculum?

punctuality, neatness, discipline

When people attend high school class reunions, they often compare their own personal and professional successes and failures to those of their former classmates. This means that classmates are a(n):

reference group.

When a parent has to decide between being on time for work and helping his child with a homework assignment, he is experiencing:

role conflict

what do sociologists call the webs of direct and indirect ties that connect individuals to others who may influence them?

social networks.

According to Mead, what are children learning when they begin to take the perspective of a *generalized* other in their games?

the *attitude and expectations of society* as a whole.

Which of the following would be considered an aggregate

the audience at a *Broadway show*.

The nature vs. nurture debate helps us understand

the complex interaction between *hereditary traits and social learning*.

If a college student plans to go to graduate school because she thinks of herself as having excellent critical thinking skills and a brilliant mind, where would Charles Cooley's theory of the looking-glass self suggest that she got these ideas?

these ideas came from *fellow students and teachers expressing admiration*.