chapter 4.6 - 4.10

Distance Zones

1. intimate distance 2. personal distance 3.social distance 4.public distance

What is one advantage of having a higher social class that is seen through the combination of macrosociology and microsociology?

A.Individuals with higher social status can manipulate their good reputations to get away with socially unacceptable behaviors. B.Individuals with higher social status are not inclined to commit crimes due to their good reputations. C.Individuals with higher social status have higher intelligence scores, leading to better-paying jobs. D. Individuals with higher social status are already seen as disreputable, and can get away with more unacceptable behaviors. ANSWER A

By examining only the macrosociology of a group, __________ would be missed from the analysis, providing an incomplete picture of social life.

A.functionalist perspectives B.status sets C.personal interactions D.organic solidarity C.ANSWER

Even if two groups of teenagers engage in similar delinquent behaviors, their __________ will greatly affect their futures.

A.role tensions B.role conflict C.relative resentments D.reputations ANSWER. D

The social construction of reality is based on __________.

A.subjective interpretation B.interactions with others C. very strong norms D.role performance anwser: B

Which of the following sociologically explains why Amish female grocery clerks in Indiana refused to make eye contact with male customers?

Men in the United States interpreted their behavior in a way the women did not intend.

eye contact

One way that we protect our personal bubble is by controlling eye contact. example: sign that we are attracted to that person even an invitaion to intimacy

intimate distance

This is the zone that the South American had unwittingly invaded. It extends to about 18 inches from our bodies. We reserve this space for comforting, protecting, hugging, intimate touching, and lovemaking.

personal distance

This zone extends from 18 inches to 4 feet. We reserve it for friends and acquaintances and ordinary conversations. This is the zone in which Hall would have preferred speaking with the South American.

public distance

This zone, extending beyond 12 feet, marks even more formal relationships. It is used to separate dignitaries and public speakers from the general public.es

social distance

This zone, extending from about 4 to 12 feet, marks impersonal or formal relationships. We use this zone for such things as job interviews.

__________ is the study of how people use commonsense understandings to make sense of life.

a,Survey design B.Ethnomethodology C.Anthropology D.Dramaturgy answer B

dramaturgy

an approach pioneered by Ervin Goffman in which social life is anlyzed in terms of drama or the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis used: ment the social life like drama or a stage play example : social life is viewed as similar to the theater. In our everyday lives, we all are actors. Like those in the cast of Orange Is the New Black, we, too, perform roles, use props, and deliver lines to fellow actors—who, in turn, do the same.

stereotype

assumption of what people are like, whether true or false ex: men who saw the photograph of the attractive woman said that they expected to meet a poised, humorous, outgoing woman. The men who had been given a photo of the unattractive woman described her as awkward, serious, and unsociable

Jose is trained to apply symbolic interactionism. He focuses on________ to identify suspected terrorists who are attempting to board airplanes.

body language

macrosociology and microsociology

both macrosociology and microsociology. Without one or the other, our understanding of social life would be vastly incomplete.

personal space

bubble to intimates—to our friends, children, and parents—but we're careful to keep most people out of this space(a strategy often chosen by females)

role conflict

conflict that someone feels between roles because the expectaiton attached to one role are at odds with those attached to another role. example: family, friendship, student, and work roles come crashing together. Usually, however, we manage to avoid role conflict by segregating our sta

role strain

conflicts that someone feels within a role example: you find yourself knowing the answer when no one else does. If you want to raise your hand, yet don't want to make your fellow students look bad, you will experience role strain.

Marly has Asperger's syndrome. Symbolic interactionists would be particularly concerned about her ability to interpret __________.

facial expressions and gestures

what is symbolic interaction ?

focus on how people establish meaning and how they communicate their ideas and how people view things and how tis in turn affects their behavior and orientation to life. ex: sterotypes, personal space, eye contact, smiling and body language.

When a faculty member's students were washing dollar bills at a laundomat, they were testing people's __________.

front stage performances socialization back stage performances background assumption

Which of the following statements describes German people's reactions to Walmart's policy that their employees smile at customers?

german customers were offended

Image consultants are career coaches who assist individuals with their __________.

impression management

both social structure and social interaction

macrosociology, we can place these boys within the larger framework of the U.S. social class system. This reveals how opportunities open or close to people depending on their social class microsociology to follow their everyday lives. We can see how the Saints manipulated their "good" reputations to skip classes and how their access to automobiles allowed them to protect their reputations by spreading their troublemaking around different communities Microsociology also reveals how the boys' reputations opened doors of opportunity to the Saints while closing them to the Roughnecks.

impression management

people efforts to control impression that others recive of them

North Americans tend to expect more __________ than South Americans during face-to-face conversations.

personal space

front stages

place where peeple give preformances ex: roles assigned to us . where your teacher lectures is a front stage.

back stages

places where people rest from their performances, discuss their presentations and plan future performances. ex: when you clos ethe bathroom or bedroom door for privicaay, an examole for entering a back stage. term-18

Occasionally, what is expected of us in one status (our role) is incompatible with what is expected of us in another status. This problem is known as __________.

role conflict

To communicate information about the self, we use three types of __________: the social setting, our appearance, and our manner.

sign-vehicles

Assumptions about a person based on their physical characteristics are usually a product of __________.

sterotype

similing

taken as smile interpreted the smile as flirthing (germany)

When Sam is at a family gathering, he always laughs at his father's jokes, even when they aren't funny. This is an example of __________.

teamwork

face-saving behavior

techniques used to salvage a perfromance (interaction) that is going sour

teamwork

the collabortion of two or more people to manage impressions jointly. example: , you are doing teamwork to help your boss give a good performance.

The author of your text writes that it is not the reality of a thing that impresses itself on us, but society that impresses the reality of that thing on us. This perspective is known as __________.

the definition of the situation (also known as the Thomas theorem)

background assumptions

the direct echange of one item for another example: assumptions, or basic rules of social life, are unstated. We learn them as we learn our culture, and we violate them only with risk

ethnomethodology.

the study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life significant : the study of how people do things.

social construction of reality

the use of background assumptions and life expericences to define what is real example: external to us, that they originate "out there" somewhere, rather than in our social group. To better understand the social construction of reality, let's consider pelvic examinations.

body language

the ways in which people use their bodies to give meages to others . interpreting facial expressions, posture, and gestures is essential for getting through everyday life. ex: The U.S. army is teaching soldiers in military zones how to interpret body language to alert them to danger when they are interacting with civilians

role performance

the ways in which someone performs a role; showing a particular "style" or " personality" example: role of ideal daughter or son—being respectful, coming home at the hours your parents set, and happily running errand

Gynecological Examinations

vaginal examinations, I analyzed how doctors construct social reality in order to define the examination as nonsexual Rather, our behavior depends on how we define reality. Our definitions (our constructions of reality) provide the basis for what we do and how we view life. To understand human behavior, then, we must know how people define reality.

Thomas theorem

william I. and Dorothy S. Thomas' classic formulation of the definition of th situation: "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences known as the definition of the situation example :identical twins, Oskar and Jack, who grew up so differently? As discussed in Chapter 3, Oskar was reared in Germany and learned to love Hitler, while Jack was reared in Trinidad and learned to hate Hitler