Chapter 46: Animal Reproduction

In the human female ovarian cycle, ovulation is triggered by a sharp rise in luteinizing hormone (LH). What is the cause of this sharp rise?

A rise in estradiol from the follicle

At what point does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis?.

After the sperm penetrates the oocyte

From a single cell, oogenesis in a mammal will produce _____________.

An egg and two or three polar bodies

A hermaphrodite is ______________.

An individual with both male and female reproductive systems

Seasonal changes can be important to reproduction because _______________.

Availability of resources to invest in gestating offspring can vary with season; Migration and other seasonal movement patterns can affect the possibility of finding a mate; Availability of resources on which young can feed can vary with season; Environmental stresses that could affect offspring survival can vary with season

Which of the following choices correctly lists the four phases of the sexual response cycle in their proper sequence?

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

An ovarian follicle undergoes several changes during the human female's menstrual cycle. Which of the following sequences is correct, begin with the oocyte?

Follicle development, ovulation, and corpus luteum development

Which of the following is a means of sexual reproductions?

Fusion of eggs and sperm

Pheromones are _____________.

Generally effective at very low concentrations.

Which part of the human sperm carries a haploid set of chromosomes?

Head

Which reproductive method is the most prevalent in mammal?

Internal fertilization

What is an advantage of internal fertilization?

Internal fertilization can occur outside of aquatic or marine habitats.

What is the relationship between leydig cells and Sertoli cells?

Leydig cells stimulate the production of sperm cells, and Sertoli cells nourish developing sperm.

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning mating behavior in asexual reproducing species?

Mating behavior is a stimulus that can help to bring about ovulation in asexually reproducing species.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about sexual reproduction?

Most animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction.

Which of the following is a difference between the reproduction of humans ( and other primates) and the reproduction of all other mammals?

Only humans ( and other primates) have men's trap cycles.

In mammals, meiosis to produce the female egg cell is initiated in the ____________.

Ovary

Immediately after ovulation, an egg is collected into the ____________.

Oviduct

Which of the following is an accurate statement about parthenogenesis?

Parthenogenesis appears rarely in vertebrates.

Which of the following is the least effective method of birth control?

Rhythm method

Vestibular (Barthonin's) glands ____________.

Secrete lubricating fluid

Which of the following is not a function of the placenta?

Secreting hCG

Which of the following is the correct path that sperm travel when leaving the body of a human males?

Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Individuals clustered in the same area that release their gametes into the water at the same time are engaging in ________.

Spawning

Some insect females are able to store sperm in ___________ until environmental conditions are favorable for the development of their offspring.

Spermathecae

Which of the following is the core sequence of stages in the development of sperm during the process of spermatogenesis?

Spermatogonial stem cell; spermatogonium; primary spermatocyte; secondary spermatocyte; early spermatid; sperm cell

The human female's external reproductive structures are _____________.

The clitoris, two sets of labia, and vaginal opening

The "two-fold" cost of sex refers to ____________.

The lower number of reproductive offspring produced by individuals of species that have two sexes.

Birth control pills contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. How do these hormones prevent pregnancy?

They inhibit the pituitary from secreting FSH and LH, preventing ovulation.

Which structure is part of the excretory and reproductive systems in makes?

Urethra