Chapter 49-51

A female zebra finch reared by a father with a red feather taped to his head will select a mate with a similar ornament over an unornamented male. What are plausible ultimate explanations for this behavior (i.e., why it occurs in the context of natural selection)? Select all that apply. Zebra finches are able to perceive ornamentation on other birds. A female zebra finch learns to recognize suitable mates by observing her father. A female zebra finch that chooses a mate that resembles her father is more likely to reproduce successfully.

A female zebra finch that chooses a mate that resembles her father is more likely to reproduce successfully.

The fru gene in fruit flies can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviors. is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes. programs males for appropriate courtship behaviors. controls sex-specific development in the fruit fly. All of the options are correct.

All of the options are correct.

What probably explains why coastal and inland garter snakes react differently to banana slug prey? Banana slugs are camouflaged, and inland snakes, which have poorer vision than coastal snakes, are less able to see them. Garter snakes learn about prey from other garter snakes. Inland garter snakes have fewer types of prey because they are less social. Inland banana slugs are distasteful, so inland snakes learn to avoid them. Coastal banana slugs are palatable to garter snakes. Garter snakes learn to eat what their mother eats. Coastal snake mothers happened to prefer slugs. Ancestors of coastal snakes that could eat the abundant banana slugs had increased fitness. No such selection occurred inland, where banana slugs were absent.

Ancestors of coastal snakes that could eat the abundant banana slugs had increased fitness. No such selection occurred inland, where banana slugs were absent.

Select the correct statement(s) about the genetics of behavior. Select all that apply. Most behavioral traits are determined by a single gene. Learned behaviors are not subject to genetic influence. Behaviors with a genetic component can evolve through natural selection.

Behaviors with a genetic component can evolve through natural selection.

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behavior. Match the letter of the correct term (A-E) to the example in the following question. A. operant conditioning B. agonistic behavior C innate behavior D. imprinting E. altruistic behavior A human baby performs a sucking behavior perfectly when it is put in the presence of the nipple of its mother's breast. A B C D E

C

The majority of young, inexperienced Western garter snakes born in the laboratory from mothers captured in coastal areas of California readily eat pieces of slug. What are plausible proximate explanations for this behavior? Select all that apply. Coastal snakes have a genetically acquired taste for banana slugs. Coastal snakes can detect odor molecules produced by banana slugs. Coastal snakes that readily eat banana slugs gain most of their calories from this prey species.

Coastal snakes have a genetically acquired taste for banana slugs. Coastal snakes can detect odor molecules produced by banana slugs.

In cross-fostering studies, the young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species. In broad terms, what do researchers learn from such studies? Select all that apply. Cross-fostering studies provide information about the relative importance of nature and nurture in the development of a trait. Changes in the behavior of cross-fostered young provide information about how the social and physical environment influences behavior. Cross-fostering studies provide information about the evolutionary relationship between the two species.

Cross-fostering studies provide information about the relative importance of nature and nurture in the development of a trait. Changes in the behavior of cross-fostered young provide information about how the social and physical environment influences behavior.

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next question. In the figure, which letter points to the hippocampus? A B C D E

D

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behavior. Match the letter of the correct term (A-E) to the example in the following question. A. operant conditioning B. agonistic behavior C innate behavior D. imprinting E. altruistic behavior Upon observing a golden eagle flying overhead, a sentry prairie dog gives a warning call to other foraging members of the prairie dog community. A B C D E

E

What is the fitness benefit of polygamy in birds that rear young that are precocious (develop and mature rapidly)? Both males and females spend little time with courtship and brood-rearing, and don't tax their own physiology so they can breed again in subsequent breeding seasons. Females don't have to spend time rearing young and can mate and rear additional broods during a breeding season. Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking and mating with many females. Females will copulate with many males to ensure that all of their eggs are fertilized. Females don't have to decide on one mate, and can copulate with as many males as she deems worthy to share her genes with in reproduction.

Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking and mating with many females.

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places. Male cats are attracted to the urine deposits. Which of the following is a proximate cause of this increased urination? It announces to the males that she is in heat. The female cat learned the behavior from observing other cats. Female cats that did this in the past attracted more males. It is a result of hormonal changes associated with her reproductive cycle. All of the options are ultimate causes of behavior.

It is a result of hormonal changes associated with her reproductive cycle.

Which of the following is true about imprinting? It happens to many adult animals, but not to their young. It is a type of learning that does not involve innate behavior. It causes behaviors that last for only a short time (the sensitive period). It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli. It occurs only in birds.

It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli.

Some dogs love attention, and Frodo the beagle learns that if he barks, he gets attention. Which of the following might you use to describe this behavior? The dog is trying to protect its territory. The dog is displaying an instinctive fixed action pattern. The dog's behavior is a result of operant conditioning. The dog is performing a social behavior. The dog has been classically conditioned.

The dog's behavior is a result of operant conditioning.

Graylag goslings imprint on a nearby object that moves away from them during a sensitive period in the first few hours after they hatch, and follow the object steadfastly from that time on. What is the adaptive value of this behavior? This behavior is genetic. This behavior is not adaptive because goslings may imprint on objects other than their parents. This behavior is likely to increase gosling survival.

This behavior is likely to increase gosling survival.

Animals that help other animals of the same species are bigger and stronger than the other animals. have excess energy reserves. have defective genes controlling their behavior. are usually related to the other animals. are always male.

are usually related to the other animals.

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observations that animals isolated from light and dark cues cease having any rhythms. are independent of any genetic determinants. synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower. continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours' duration.

continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower.

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the amygdala. thalamus. hypothalamus. Broca's area. epithalamus.

hypothalamus

Increases and decreases of the heart rate result from changes in the activity of the corpus callosum. medulla oblongata. thalamus. cerebellum. pituitary.

medulla oblongata

The regulatory centers for the respiratory and circulatory systems are found in the hypothalamus. thalamus. cerebellum. medulla oblongata. cerebrum.

medulla oblongata

What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night? auditory visual olfactory electrical tactile

olfactory

Imagine that you are designing an experiment aimed at determining whether the initiation of migratory behavior is largely under genetic control. Of the following options, the best way to proceed is to perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits. Rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe the migratory behavior of offspring. bring animals into the laboratory and determine the conditions under which they become restless and attempt to migrate. perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits. Do this in the laboratory and see if offspring display parental migratory behavior. observe genetically distinct populations in the field and see if they have different migratory habits. All of the options are equally productive ways to approach the question.

perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits. Rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe the migratory behavior of offspring.

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by varying wing vibration frequency. performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. performing a round dance with fast rotations. emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone.

performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance.

The evolution of mating systems typically varies with population density. certainty of paternity. territoriality. sexual dimorphism. None of the options is correct.

sexual dimorphism.

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation? classical conditioning imprinting operant conditioning cognition sign stimulus

sign stimulus

Parental protective behavior in turkeys is triggered by the cheeping sound of young chicks. What term best applies to this behavior? imprinting sign stimulus classical conditioning cognition operant conditioning

sign stimulus