Chapter 5

In ______, trained organizers identify and coordinate the efforts of existing neighborhood leaders, who in turn mobilize fellow residents to work on issues they identify as priorities.

Alinsky-style community organizing

______ societies have inequality.

All

A is a group of people who share a roughly similar economic position and lifestyle.

Class

True or false: The degree of compliance in a social situation is always apparent.

False

______ theories point out that power can involve competence and ability, rather than a form of dominance.

Feminist

______ wrote The Politics of Nonviolent Action, which describes a theory of power based on sociological principles and describes the strategic uses of disobedience.

Gene Sharp

The use of algorithms is apparent in which of the following?

Google search results Facebook news feeds

The country that has the best-known example of a caste system is

India

______ theory highlights the connections and interactions between various forms of inequality, especially race, class, and gender.

Intersectionality

Which of the following are examples of castes in India?

Kshatriyas Brahmins Sudras

You perform tasks for your boss because they have power. You perform tasks for a respected colleague whom you view as a role model because they have power.

Legitimate Referent

The well-known role of ______ as a charismatic leader in the civil rights movement began during the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama.

Martin Luther King, Jr.,

______ examined the concept of class in terms of work, and ______ looked at class in terms of life chances.

Marx; Weber

______ is male domination through social institutions and cultural practices.

Patriarchy

A parent who distributes a weekly allowance to their child is exercising power. On the other hand, a parent withholding that same allowance as a punishment is exercising power.

Reward Coercive

Which of the following statements describe the relationship between power and compliance?

Those with power depend upon compliance to maintain their position. When authorities achieve compliance through coercion, conflict can often lurk beneath the orderly surface of society.

True or false: As women have become empowered, they have accomplished gains without dominating men, making their achievements examples of "power to" acts.

True

True or false: Social inequality is multidimensional.

True

Which of the following thinkers argued that society is stratified in terms of political power?

Weber

Software codes created to accomplish various tasks without human intervention are known as

algorithms.

A position an individual voluntarily attains to a considerable degree as a result of his or her own efforts and abilities is called

an achieved status.

Which of the following are elements of all stratification systems?

an ideology that explains and justifies inequality distinct groups that make up society's layers the unequal distribution of valued resources

A system of beliefs that helps define and explain the world and justifies the existence of inequality is called

an ideology.

Before the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, inequality was viewed

as inevitable and often a part of God's will.

Patriarchy is a stratification system based on

ascribed status.

When a homeowner and prospective buyer negotiate a sale price for a house, they are using ______ power tactics.

bilateral

Empowerment increases people's

capacity to bring about an intended outcome.

A ______ system features stratification based on various ascribed characteristics determined at birth.

caste

Nonviolent, direct action that violates unjust laws is called ______ disobedience.

civil

A ______ system features stratification determined by economic position, which results from a combination of individual achievement and family of birth.

class

Drivers obeying speed limits in order to avoid expensive speeding tickets is a form of using ______ to overcome opposition.

coercion

A policewoman arresting someone would be an example of ______ power.

coercive

Which of the following are examples of the six bases of power within small groups and organizations?

coercive power reward power informational power

The most efficient way to maintain a system of inequality is to

convince most people that the system is fair, inevitable, or both.

Knowledge and skills learned through socialization are considered to be

cultural resources.

Cultural power is the type of power that enables some people to

define social reality and encourage others to comply with their agenda.

Economic power is the type of power that enables some people to

determine who will receive important resources and how those resources will be used.

Which of the following determine a person's economic position in a class system?

family of birth individual achievement

Empowerment is the focus of much ______ scholarship on power.

feminist

Which of the following types of theorists built on Weber and W. E. B. Du Bois's work through intersectionality theory?

feminist

Illegitimate power relies upon

force or coercion to generate obedience

In a capitalist class system, inequality is seen as

good because it motivates people to work hard.

In societies where women have little power, practices such as forcing children to be brides serve as examples of "power over" and inequality at both the ______ and societal levels.

individual

In capitalist class systems, the ideology emphasizes

individualism.

Power that is voluntarily accepted by those who are affected is called ______ power.

legitimate

The opportunities offered by a person's economic position are referred to as

life chances.

Marx and Weber focused much of their attention on the operation of power at the ______ level of society.

macro

Power is an essential part of social relationships at the ______ level of social life.

meso macro micro

As a strategy to increase empowerment, ______ is reaching outside your immediate circle of acquaintances or organization to find allies.

networking

Which strategy of empowerment involves bringing people together to identify common goals and work together to achieve them?

organization

Which of the following is an example of cultural power?

parents encouraging their children to read certain books

Which of the following is an example of a political use of power?

parents setting the rules for how children should behave

Weber saw that by creating organizations to advance particular goals, people working together could influence society. He called these organizations

parties.

Imagine the following scenarios. In the first, a political candidate runs misleading ads that distort their opponent's policies, and because of this, citizens vote against the opponent. In the second, a local environmental organization runs an ad campaign reminding people to turn the faucet off while brushing their teeth. As a result, water consumption in the town falls slightly. Both scenarios are examples of people or organizations using which tactic to overcome opposition?

persuasion

Authority in the home or workplace is an example of a

political resource.

Max Weber defined ______ as the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others.

power

The specific strategies people use to influence others in everyday life are called ______ tactics. rational

power

The "______" approach to understanding power focuses on overcoming opposition or dominating others.

power over

A special advantage or benefit that NOT everyone in a society is able to enjoy is a

privilege.

Which of the following are examples of achieved statuses?

professor college graduate

A federal solar tax credit allowing businesses or individuals to deduct a percentage of the cost of installing solar panels on their home or building is an example of using the strategy to overcome opposition.

reward or incentive

Political power, as opposed to economic or cultural, is the type of power that enables some people to

set the conditions under which others are expected to live.

Which of the following types of tactics focuses on relationships?

soft tactics

Which of the following theories questions taken-for-granted assumptions about society by looking at it from multiple viewpoints?

standpoint theory

The prestige attributed to an individual is called

status

According to Max Weber, what are the components of stratification?

status political power class

A(n) ______ is made up of social structures and cultural norms that create and maintain inequality by ranking people into a hierarchy of groups that receive unequal resources.

stratification system

The "power to" approach in sociology emphasizes

the ability to bring about an intended outcome.

According to Max Weber, what are the two key components of power?

the ability to overcome opposition the ability to bring about an intended outcome

The bulk of the population in a feudal estate system was made up of

the commoners.

The estates that comprised a society's major strata in a feudal estate system usually included

the nobility. commoners. the Christian clergy.

To which of the following does the term status refer in sociology?

the prestige attributed to an individual position a person's position in a social system

In the United States, money and access to quality education, housing, and health care are examples of ______ resources.

unequal

In India, the Dalits are also known as the

untouchables.

Which of the following is an example of economic power?

your boss exercising control over departmental supplies the government distributing money for various public projects