Chapter 5

"When someone has a high and positive expectancy in expectancy theory of motiva- tion, this means that the person ____________. (a) believes he or she can meet performance expectations (b) highly values the rewards being offered (c) sees a relationship between high performance and the available rewards (d) believes that rewards are equitable"

(a) believes he or she can meet performance expectations

"Which goals tend to be more motivating? (a) challenging goals (b) easy goals (c) general goals (d) no goals"

(a) challenging goals

"Motivation is defined as the level and persistence of ____________. (a) effort (b) performance (c) need satisfaction (d) instrumentalities"

(a) effort

"Both Barry and Marissa are highly motivated college students. Knowing this I can expect them to be ____________ in my class. (a) hard working (b) high performing (c) highly satisfi ed (d) highly dissatisfi ed"

(a) hard working

"In equity theory, the ____________ is a key issue. (a) social comparison of rewards (b) equality of rewards (c) equality of efforts (d) absolute value of rewards"

(a) social comparison of rewards

"A process theory of motivation is most likely to focus attention on ____________. (a) frustration-regression (b) expectancies regarding work outcomes (c) lower-order needs (d) hygiene factors"

(b) expectancies regarding work outcomes

"When a team member shows strong ego needs in Maslow's hierarchy, the team leader should fi nd ways to link this person's work on the team task with ____________. (a) compensation tied to group performance (b) individual praise and recognition for work well done (c) lots of social interaction with other team members (d) challenging individual performance goals"

(b) individual praise and recognition for work well done

"Th e MBO process emphasizes ____________ as a way of building worker commit- ment to goal accomplishment. (a) authority (b) joint goal setting (c) infrequent feedback (d) rewards"

(b) joint goal setting

"A manager's failure to enforce a late-to-work policy the same way for all employees is a violation of ____________ justice. (a) interactional (b) moral (c) distributive (d) procedural"

(c) distributive

"In Herzberg's two-factor theory ____________ factors are found in job context. (a) motivator (b) satisfier (c) hygiene (d) enrichment"

(c) hygiene

"According to McClelland, a person high in need achievement will be motivated by ____________. (a) status of being an executive (b) control and infl uence over other people (c) teamwork and collective responsibility (d) challenging but achievable goals"

(d) challenging but achievable goals

"In Alderfer's ERG theory, the ____________ needs best correspond with Maslow's higher-order needs of esteem and self-actualization. (a) existence (b) relatedness (c) recognition (d) growth"

(d) growth

"A content theory of motivation is most likely to focus on ____________. (a) organizational justice (b) expectancy (c) equity (d) individual needs"

(d) individual needs

"Improvements in job satisfaction are most likely under Herzberg's two-factor theory when ____________ are improved. (a) working conditions (b) base salaries (c) co-worker relationships (d) opportunities for responsibility"

(d) opportunities for responsibility

"In expectancy theory, ____________ is the perceived value of a reward. (a) expectancy (b) instrumentality (c) motivation (d) valence"

(d) valence"