chapter 5

___________________ approaches to ethics hold that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences.

Utilitarian

One of the ways a business can build an organizational culture that values ethical behavior is to articulate explicitly the values that emphasize ethical behavior. Many companies do this by drafting _____________________.

code of ethics

When a firm faces a situation in which none of the available alternatives seems ethically acceptable, the firm is facing:

ethical dilemma

What is considered normal practice in one nation is usually considered ethical in another.

false

Paying bribes:

may actually stimulate the economy in some developing countries according to some economists.

The Friedman doctrine, cultural relativism, the righteous moralist, and the naïve immoralist are approaches that have some value but are unsatisfactory in important ways. Companies do adopt these approaches, but they are generally known as __________________.

straw men

Several studies of unethical behavior in business have concluded that businesspeople do not realize they are acting unethically, primarily because _________________________.

they apply a business calculus to what they perceive to be a business decision forgetting that the decision may also have an important ethical dimension

When a resource, held in common by all but owned by no one, is overused by individuals, resulting in its degradation, it is a phenomenon known as:

tragedy of the commons

The ethical obligations of a multinational corporation toward employment conditions, human rights, corruption, environmental pollution, and the use of power are not always clear-cut.

true

When the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was first passed, some U.S. businesses immediately objected that the Act would put them at a competitive disadvantage, though that has not proved true.

true

Using Hostede's dimensions of social culture, a recent study found that cultures where individualism and ________________________ were high were more likely to emphasize the importance of behaving ethically than firms headquartered in cultures that emphasized other attributes.

uncertainty avoidance

Unethical behavior is determined by:

unrealistic performance goals, personal ethics, organization culture, leadership, and decision-making processes.

According to _______, employing people in sweatshops, making them work long hours for low pay in poor work conditions, is a violation of ethics.

Kantian ethics

Which of the following is NOT true about moral courage?

Moral courage means having the strength to live with a decision you may not like rather than discussing in the media or on the internet.

Which of the following is NOT one of the five things international businesses and managers can do to make sure ethical issues are considered in business decisions?

Ethical environmental scanning