Chapter 5 AP Gov

14th Amendment

- One of the three Civil War Amendments - guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens - Barred states from abridging privileges or immunities of citizens - Major drawback was not including women - Includes the equal protection clause which prohibits states from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Title Nine

- Part of the Education Amendments of 1972 - Bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students - - Greatly expanded the opportunities for women in elementary, secondary, and postsecondary institutions.

NAACP

- founded in 1909 - to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional

What strategies did MLK Jr. use during the civil rights movement?

Civil Disobedience ---Non-violent

De Jure Segregation

Discrimination resulting from legislation backing it ---Lower courts can authorize busing, racial quotas, merging segregated schools

De Facto Segregation

Discrimination resulting from practice ----Housing Patterns/ Private Acts

- Jim Crow laws were laws in the South based on race. They enforced segregation between white people and black people in public places such as schools, transportation, restrooms, and restaurants. They also made it difficult for black people to vote. Jim Crow Drinking Fountain. ---- Action include the physical segregation of public schools, public parks and beaches, and public transportation. It was also during this time that drinking fountains, restrooms, and restaurants were segregated, requiring "blacks" to use separate facilities

Jim Crow Laws

What type of civil disobedience did MLK Jr. endorse?

Non-violent advocate

March on Washington

Organized by Dr. King and other civil rights leaders to show overwhelming support of the Civil Rights bill that was in the process of becoming a law (I have a dream speech)

Civil Rights Act of 1964

a landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Equal Rights Amendment

a proposed amendment to the US Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one's sex.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution