Chapter 5: Database Processing

Reports

-can be used to compute values as they present data. A report is a compilation of data from the database that is organized and produced in printed format. -represent data in a structured context. - is a presentation of data in a structured, meaningful context.

traditional file system

-not a database management system, data is stored in more than one place or location. - rather than a database management system, cannot share or access information in a timely manner. -not a database management system, tends to waste storage space.

Primary Keys

-one or more columns in a relation whose values identify a unique row of that relation. -cannot be duplicated in a table

Which of the following best describes a field?

An attribute of an entity that can contain numeric data or text, or a combination of the two

database

Byte is a character of data Bytes are grouped into columns (student number or student name) Columns are also called fields Columns/fields are in turn grouped into rows Rows which are also called records A group of similar rows or records is a table/file.

Which of the following is NOT a part of a database application?

Channels are not part of a database application. A database application is a collection of forms, reports, queries, and programs that process a database.

Which of the following describes columns?

Columns are fields that hold a group of bytes.

Which of the following is a relational DBMS for a large mainframe or midrange computer?

DB2

Locking

It is a mechanism that is used to prevent the lost-update problem by coordinating the activities of users who know nothing about one another.

Which of the following best describes a database?

It refers to a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and controlling redundant data.

structure of a database

Metadata --They are data that describe data.

Which of the following is a relational DBMS for desktop systems?

Microsoft Access

__________ can be used to combine tables to deliver data only if two tables share a common data element.

Relational database management systems

Which of the following best describes NoSQL database management systems?

Software systems that support very high transaction rates, processing relatively simple data structures replicated on many servers in the cloud

Which of the following is an international standard language used for processing a database?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is an international standard language used for processing a database. SQL can also be used to create databases and database structures.

Which of the following is the primary purpose of using a database?

To keep track of data

A database management system differs from __________ in that a database management system can centralize data.

a traditional file system

Nonrelational database management systems

are NoSQL DBMSs, which refer to software systems that support very high transaction rates, processing relatively simple data structures replicated on many servers in the cloud

Queries

are requests that are executed to retrieve data from a database.

Relational database management system

can be used to combine tables to deliver data only if two tables share a common data element. Tables may be referred to as files. Each table contains data on an entity and its attributes

data entry form

can be used to read, insert, modify, and delete database data.

database management system

can centralize data is how it differs from a traditional file system. Rather than storing data in separate files for each application, data appears to users as being stored in only one location.

In a database, bytes are grouped into __________.

columns

Tables, relationships among rows in tables, and metadata are all components of a __________

database

Which of the following is a program used to create, process, and administer a database?

database management system (DBMS)

A __________ is an attribute of an entity.

field

Data redundancy

is a problem that is encountered when there are duplicate copies of the data stored in a database.

Microsoft Access

is a relational DBMS for desktop systems. Relational databases represent data as two-dimensional tables called relations.

DB2

is a relational DBMS for large mainframes and midrange computers.

Microsoft SQL Server

is a relational DBMS for large mainframes and midrange computers.

Oracle Database

is a relational DBMS for large mainframes and midrange computers.

query

is a request that is executed to retrieve data from a database. Whenever a web page is dynamically populated with content, a query is executed to retrieve the data from a database. - A language like SQL can be used to create databases and database structures.

data integrity problem

is a situation that exists when data items disagree with one another in a database or a collection of databases.

The lost-update problem

is the problem encountered during multi-user database processing that has been exemplified in this scenario. To prevent this problem, some type of locking must be used to coordinate the activities of users who know nothing about one another.

Which of the following is an advantage of using database management software over file processing?

it is more capable of adapting to changes than file processing

Forms

not reports, are used to read, insert, modify, and delete data.

A __________ is a column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table.

primary keys

application program

provides security, data consistency, and special-purpose processing.

A(n) __________ is a compilation of data from the database that is organized and produced in printed format.

report

Object-oriented DBMSs

represent information in the form of objects, and are used especially for organizing complex data types such as graphics and multimedia.

Foreign Keys

A column or group of columns used to represent relationships. Values of the foreign key match values of the primary key in a different (foreign) table.

How does a database management system differ from a traditional file system?

A database management system can centralize data.

Which of the following best defines a lost-update problem?

A problem with multi-user database processing in which two consumers attempt to buy the last of a product unknowingly