Chapter 5: Employee Motivation

Which of the following are true of job specialization? (Choose every correct answer.)

-It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. -It can result in higher absenteeism and turnover. -It improves the mechanical efficiency of work.

Which strategies would be advisable if an organization wanted to increase an employee's belief that he or she is capable of performing the job successfully? (Choose every correct answer.)

-Providing training and clarifying job requirements -Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job

When does procedural justice tend to be higher? (Choose every correct answer.)

-When the decision maker listens to all parties in a dispute. -When the decision maker applies existing policies consistently. -When the decision maker is perceived as unbiased.

What are the basic characteristics of the forces that make up a person's motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Direction Persistence Intensity

Which of the following is the best description of scientific management?

Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them

Which of the drives in the four-drive theory would be best met by an organization by improving its compensation system and linking pay with performance?

Drive to acquire

Which motivation theory proposes that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes?

Expectancy theory

True or false: Feedback should occur more frequently in jobs with a long cycle time than jobs with a short cycle time.

False

Which of the following theories proposes that motivation arises from emotions that are generated by certain drives?

Four-drive theory

Which of the following is the best example of an effective goal?

Increase sales by 5% during the next quarter

Which of the following outcomes would be expected if an organization implemented an ongoing skills-based training program for assembly line workers in which the workers' learning efforts resulted in recognition of increased abilities?

Increased effort-to-performance expectancies

Which of the following statements regarding effective feedback is true?

It should refer to specific metrics that are under an individual's control.

Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states that then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness?

Job characteristics model

A coworker had a heart attack, and Alex has become more serious about keeping up with his exercise regimen. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory?

Learning behavioral outcomes

When John learned that his cousin had been diagnosed with lung cancer, he decided to try to quit smoking. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory?

Learning behavioral outcomes

Which theory of motivation asserts that the strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need at the time?

Maslow's needs hierarchy

What is defined as the forces within a person that affect their effort for voluntary behavior?

Motivation

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Organizational behavior modification

Which of the following is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?

Physiological

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs? (Choose every correct answer.)

Skills Experience

Which motivation theory explains how learning and motivation occur by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior?

Social cognitive theory

Asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the humane shelter, Owen answered, "I make a difference every day to the lives of animals in our community." This is an example of which element of the job characteristics model?

Task significance

Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects the organization and/or society?

Task significance

Which of the following best describes the role of social norms, self-concept, and past experience on needs?

They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior.

True or false: Although everyone has the same drives, people develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation.

True

True or false: Job specialization can lead to lower work quality.

True

Beatrice, a sales manager at Nelson Electronics, put in place a generous commission plan for her sales staff: the more they sell, the more they earn. This commission plan is designed to fulfill her salespeople's drive to ______.

acquire

McClelland suggested that individuals are influenced by three "learned" needs: achievement, power, and _____.

affiliation

A few minutes before a scheduled conference call, Laura received a meeting reminder in her Microsoft Outlook account. This reminder is an example of a(n) ______.

antecedent

When she was late for the second day in a row, Tiana received a written warning from her boss, stating that her pay would be docked if she was late again. This warning is an example of a(n) ______.

consequence

The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is known as job ______.

design

The perceived fairness of our outcomes versus our contributions compared to the outcomes and contributions of others is known as _____ justice.

distributive

Hardwired characteristics of the brain that attempt to maintain internal equilibrium by correcting deficiencies are known as ______, or primary needs.

drives

The primary needs of human beings are also referred to as ______.

drives

According to the four-drive theory, _____ are the source of human motivation.

emotions

The "value-expressive" function of voice states that ______.

employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue

Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job ______.

enrichment

Job ______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work.

enrichment

The motivation theory that explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources is known as ______ theory.

equity

To encourage Makayla to help around the house, her mother paid her $3 each time she vacuumed the carpet. However, after a few months, her mother stopped paying her, and Makayla stopped vacuuming. This is an example of ______.

extinction

Employees who carry out a task because of a pay incentive provided by their company are demonstrating ______ motivation.

extrinsic

The process of motivating employees and clarifying their role perceptions by establishing performance objectives is referred to as ______.

goal setting

Our perception that appropriate rules in the way employees are treated have been applied throughout a decision process is called ______ justice.

interactional

Employees who carry out a task for the satisfaction of completing it successfully are demonstrating ______.

intrinsic motivation

A(n) _____ is a set of tasks performed by one person.

job

The degree to which employees can tell how well they are performing on the basis of direct sensory information from the job itself is known as ______.

job feedback

In his learned needs theory, McClelland proposed that a person's needs can be strengthened through reinforcement, social conditions, and ______.

learning

As part of its performance review process, Altrera Corporation solicits confidential feedback from the employee's managers, peers, and direct reports. This process is known as ______.

multisource (360-degree) feedback

Michael received an anonymous online feedback form that asked him to rate a coworker's workplace competencies on a scale of 1 to 5 and then asked for written comments. It would appear that Michael's employer is using ______.

multisource (360-degree) feedback

The night before a big test, you set your alarm 15 minutes earlier to avoid being late for class. Wanting to avoid the consequences of being late is an example of ______.

negative reinforcement

The theory of motivation that explains employee behavior in terms of antecedent conditions and consequences of behavior is known as ______.

organizational behavior modification

According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: effort-to-performance expectancy, performance-to-outcome expectancy, and ______.

outcome valences

Our perception of the fairness of the processes used to allocate resources or resolve disputes is referred to as _____ justice.

procedural

Nathan was unhappy with the amount of his raise, but after meeting with his boss, he believed that the manner in which the company determined the size of raises was fair. This is an example of ______.

procedural justice

Your boss calls you into her office to chastise you for taking longer breaks than allowed. This is an example of ______.

punishment

Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and during the third week, she works in Payroll. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job ______.

rotation

The practice of moving employees from one job to another is referred to as job ______.

rotation

Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as ______.

scientific management

Three important components of social cognitive theory include: learning behavioral consequences, behavior modeling, and ______.

self-regulation

What Johanna loves best about her job is that every day brings new challenges and that she can use different skills and talents to complete her tasks. According to the job characteristics model, this is an example of ______.

skill variety

At an automotive assembly plant, one worker tightens the bolts on a windshield wiper assembly, and the vehicle moves along the assembly line to the next worker, who then fastens the blades to the wiper assembly. This is an example of job ______.

specialization

The subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different people is referred to as job ______.

specialization

According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as ______.

task identity

The job design model stating that certain job factors lead to psychological states that affect work outcomes is known as ______.

the job characteristics model