Chapter 5

Energy from fat should provide ___________ of the total energy in the diet.

20-35%

One gram of fat equals ______ cal.

9

Identify the statement about fat that is NOT true. a. All body cells can store any amount of fat. b. Fat is the body's main form of storage for energy from food eaten in excess of need. c. Fat tissue secretes hormones. d. Fats provide more than twice the energy of carbohydrate and protein.

a

What are symptoms associated with a diet deficient in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. Skin abnormalities and poor wound healing b. Stomachache and nausea c. Headache and dizziness d. Memory loss and fatigue

a

Which type of food would be the best to eat to increase intake of EPA and DHA? a. Fish b. Whole grain bread c. Red meat d. Citrus fruit

a

High intakes of which types of fat are associated with serious diseases? a. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats b. Saturated and trans fats c. Saturated and unsaturated fats d. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

b

Saturation refers to a. the ability of a fat to penetrate a barrier, such as paper. b. whether or not a fatty acid chain is holding all of the hydrogen atoms it can hold. c. the characteristic of pleasing flavor and aroma. d. the fattening power of fat.

b

What type of language on meat packaging would a person want to avoid when they are trying to choose lean meat? a. Trimmed b. Patties c. Round d. Loin

b

Which class of lipid can serve as an emulsifier? a. Triglycerides b. Phospholipids c. Sterols d. All of these

b

Which grain-based food likely has the most saturated fat? a. Saltine crackers b. Croissant c. Whole wheat bread d. Whole-grain muffin

b

Which nutrient group supplies most of the energy needed to perform the body's muscular work? a. Carbohydrate b. Fat c. Vitamin d. Protein

b

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable lifestyle factor in heart disease risk? a. Obesity b. Low blood LDL cholesterol c. Cigarette smoking d. Low blood HDL cholesterol

b

Which statement accurately reflects the influence hydrogenation has on oils? a. Hydrogenation causes oil to have a lower smoking point, making hydrogenated oil unsuitable for high cooking temperatures. b. Hydrogenation causes oils to lose their unsaturated character. c. Hydrogenation adds vitamin K to oil. d. Hydrogenation creates polyunsaturated oil.

b

__________ is important in the structure of the cell membranes of every cell, making it necessary to the body's proper functioning.

cholesterol

___________ transport triglycerides eaten in foods to the subcutaneous fat layer under the skin.

chylomicrons

How does exercise support the health of the heart? a. Blood glucose regulation is improved. b. The body grows leaner c. The muscles of the heart strengthen. d. All these answers are correct.

d

What role does fat play in a healthy diet? a. Fat helps the body use vitamins A, D, E, and K. b. Fat contributes to satiety after a meal. c. Fat helps with the absorption of some phytochemicals. d. All of the answers are correct.

d

When energy from food is in short supply, the body a. dismantles its glycogen to release triglycerides for energy. b. dismantles its cholesterol and releases glucose for energy. c. converts its glucose to fat for more efficient energy. d. dismantles its stored triglycerides and releases fatty acids for energy.

d

Which type of fatty acid is filled to capacity with hydrogen? a. Monounsaturated fatty acid b. Polyunsaturated fatty acid c. Unsaturated fatty acid d. Saturated fatty acid

d

__________ are the leading single contributor of solid fats to the U.S. diet.

grain-based desserts

___________ are the leading single contributor of solid fats to the U.S. diet.

grain-based desserts

HDL

high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol) -which pick up cholesterol from body cells and carry it to the liver for disposal.

The process of _______ creates trans-fatty acids.

hydrogenation

Lecithin is a strong emulsifier and an example of a __________.

phospholipid

Lipids that are manufactured by the body and can act as emulsifiers in food

phospholipids

A benefit to health is seen when ________ is used in place of ________in the diet.

unsaturated, saturated fat

___________ abundantly supplies omega-6 fatty acids in the U.S. diet.

vegetable oil

Along with milk, ________ appears in the Milk Products group?

yogurt

T or F? In general, vegetable and fish oils are excellent sources of polyunsaturated fats

T

T or F? Little fat digestion takes place in the stomach.

T

_________ is/are important for the emulsification of fat in the small intestines, and __________ is/are important for the transport of fat in the blood.

Bile, lipoproteins

T or F? Fat is not an essential nutrient and is the main cause of health problems, such as obesity, in the United States.

F

T or F? Fats play few roles in the body, apart from providing abundant fuel in the form of calories.

F

T or F? Sterols, phospholipids, and triglycerides are all classes of lipids, and most are phospholipids.

F

All of these are functions of lipids EXCEPT providing ________. a. raw materials for important compounds in the body such as hormones b. most of the body's resting energy, energy storage, the main energy source for the brain, and raw materials for important compounds in the body such as hormones c. the main energy source for the brain d. most of the body's resting energy e. energy storage

c

What role does bile play in the digestion of fats? a. Bile digests the fat. b. Bile acts as a barrier so that the body does not absorb more fat than necessary. c. Bile acts as an emulsifier so that fat-digesting enzymes can break down fats. d. Bile forms a layer of mucus that absorbs fats for digestion.

c

Where does most fat digestion occur? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine

c

Which of the following is not one of the ways fats are useful in foods? a. Fats contribute to the taste and smell of foods. b. Fats carry fat-soluble vitamins. c. Fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates. d. Fats provide essential fatty acids.

c

___________ are organic compounds soluble in organic solvents but not in water.

lipids

__________ are special transport vehicles for lipids in blood and lymph.

lipoproteins

LDL

low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) -which transport triglycerides and other lipids made in the liver to the body cells for their use.

Lipids synthesized in the liver and used to make several important hormones

sterols

__________ raises __________ "bad" cholesterol

trans fat ,LDL

_____________ make up most of the lipid present both in the body and in food.

triglyceride

a __________ molecule is formed from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.

triglyceride

Lipids that comprise about 95% of the fat you eat

triglycerides