chapter 5 - healing process

encouraging venous return encouraging fluid resorption encouraging phagocytosis preventing contracture & loss of ROM

advantages of movement in the healing process (in the inflammatory phase) include

2-7 minutes

burning & aching sensation

not primary injury zone because the vasodilation has not been in action yet - secondary injury zone yes because vasodilation has happened

can the actions of the coach, physical educator, and fitness specialist as the first responder to an acute soft tissue injury influence the primary or secondary injury zone? why?

growth of tissue marking spot where injury healed - can be increased if remain immobile while injury heals

describe scar tissue. what is the significance of movement in the remodeling phase?

false - exudate

ecchymosis is a fluid with high protein content & cellular debris that forms in the area of injury

relieves pain, muscle spasticity is decreased, mobilization helps decrease stiffness

explain (in detail) the role of movement in the inflammatory phase of the healing process.

starts with the hematoma's size decreases enough to permit room for growth of new tissue

explain the significance of granulation tissue in the repair phase of healing.

disruption of oxygen supply

hypoxia refers to the a. death of living cells b. destruction of tissue c. disruption of oxygen supply d. inflammation

0-3 minutes

initial cold sensation

false

local factors at the site of a wound can delay the healing process; in comparison, systematic factors are not cause for concern as they cannot impede the healing process

false - fibroblasts

neutrophils & macrophages are immature connective tissue cells released into the injured area by the exudate

5-12 minutes

numbing sensation (anesthesia)

its going to be a little uncomfortable and painful, at first you will experience the actual cold sensation, after about 3 minutes you will go through a burning or aching sensation that could happen between 2 to 7 minutes after application, and then you will finally reach the numbing sensation, also known as anesthesia, after 5-12 minutes.

one of your clients sustains an ankle sprain. You explain that an ice bag should be applied to the area. the individual has never had an (cold) treatment. What would you tell the individual to expect to feel (senastions) while the ice bag is applied?

the ingestion of cellular debris & waste products

phagocytosis refers to a. the ingestion of cellular debris & waste products b. the development of the secondary injury zone c. onset of vasodilation d. the release of mast cells

act to stop blood loss from the wound (vasoconstriction)

the beginning of the acute inflammatory phase of healing involves processes which a. produce scar tissue from the wound b. act to stop blood loss from the wound c. increase flow of blood to the wound area d. promote vasodilation

true

the repair phase begins when the hematoma's size decreases enough to permit room for growth of new tissue

all the above

the repair phase of healing includes which of the following processes? a. phagocytosis b. angiogenisis c. fibrous tissue formation d. wound contraction e. decreased fibroblast activity

30

the tensile strength of a wound 6-8 weeks post-injury is approximately ___% of normal a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60

atrophy, loss of strength & decreased rate of healing

what concerns are associated with complete immobilization of a body part following a soft tissue injury? why?

fluid with cellular debris & high protein content

what is exudate?

ingestion of cellular debris

what is phagocytosis?

broken blood vessels are sealed off - marks beginning of coagulation - initiate clotting

what is the significance of vasoconstriction in the first phase of the healing process?

inflammatory, repair, maturation

what're the 3 phases of the healing process?

vasoconstriction, less blood loss, decreased tissue temperature and decreased work being done (metabolism), decreased swelling and muscle spasm, reduce in pain & numbing (analgesic/anesthetic) & increase in collagen viscosity - decreases swelling, makes sure work isn't being done to decrease the blood flow/allow blood to escape the area

why is the application of cold the appropriate course of action in the immediate management of an acute musculoskeletal injury (i.e., what are the physiological effects of cold)?

it keeps the swelling down, everything in place, promotes fluid resorption (removal)

why is the application of compression equally as important as the application of cold in the immediate management of a majority of acute soft tissue injuries?

connective tissue is weak, tensile strength is low, fibroblasts need to repair the tissue with collagen which will result in scar tissue

you are a fitness specialist. a 35 year old client comes to a training session having sustained a grade II hamstring strain one week earlier. he asks you to explain what is taking place at the injured site. how would you explain the healing process to your client in a manner that makes sense to him?

your fibroblasts are laying down collagen to repair the injury, we don't want to send collagen to the wrong area

you are a high school physical education teacher. a student comes to class on monday using crutches, having sustained a 2nd degree ankle sprain. the student asks you why she needs to be on crutches. based on your understanding of the healing process, how would you respond to the student?