Chapter 5-Histology Practice Questions

Order of tissue repair:

1. Bleeding into the cut 2. Scab formation; macrophages become active 3. Formation of granulation tissue and fibroblastic phase of repair 4. Epithelial regeneration; fibrosis; remodeling phase

What is a chondroblast?

A cartilage cell that secretes matrix

The image shows a section of _______ tissue.

Adipose

Indicate where simple squamous epithelium is found.

Air sacs of lungs, inner lining of heart and blood vessels, serous membrane of the viscera

A specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below it is called the ______ _______.

Basement membrane

Name the fluid connective tissue that travels through vessels.

Blood

An epithelial cell that is significantly taller than it is wide is classified by shape as a _____ cell.

Columnar

______ tissue is the class of tissue comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material.

Connective

The image shows a bone cut in a(n) _____ section.

Cross

Locations where adipose tissue found.

Deep to the dermis of the skin, within the orbits, within breasts

_____ is the germ layer that gives rise to the epidermis and nervous system.

Ectoderm

Two broad classifications used for glands

Endocrine and exocrine

Functions of adipose tissue.

Energy storage, thermal insulation.

Identify functions of macrophages.

Engulf foreign particles, activate the immune system when they encounter antigens, destroy dead or dying self cells

What type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms the internal and external linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue?

Epithelial

Identify two processes by which tissues grow.

Existing cells get larger, cells increase in number

Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands.

Exocrine: secrete onto surface or into cavity Endocrine: secretes into blood

______ fluid is any body fluid that is not contained in the cells.

Extracellular fluid is any body fluid that is not contained in the cells.

Any cellular component of blood or lymph is a _____ element.

Formed

The study of tissues is called _____.

Histology

Define endoderm.

Inner layer of primary germ layers.

List the four primary tissue types.

Muscular, Connective, Nervous, Epithelial

Define ectoderm.

Outer layer of primary germ layers

The cells at the tip of the arrow form ___ ____ epithelium.

Simple squamous

Identify three types of muscle tissue.

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Identify the four types of stratified epithelia.

Transitional, stratified columnar, stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous.

Leukocyte is another term for a ____ blood cell.

White

Locations where you would find spongy bone.

Within the interior of flat and irregular bones, in heads of long bones

A(n)______ is another term for a fat cell

adipocyte

The predominant cell type in _____ tissue is adipocyte cells.

adipose

Stem cells that are found in small numbers within mature organs and tissues throughout the lifespan are _____ stem cells.

adult

The free surface of the epithelial layer describes the _____ surface.

apical

The shrinkage of a tissue through loss in size or number of cells is _____.

atrophy

Tje surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane is its ______ surface.

basal

Between an epithelium layer and the underlying connective tissue lies a layer known as the ______ _______.

basal membrane

Interstitial fluid is the matrix material located ______ the cells

between

The image shows a type of connective tissue called _____.

blood

Another name of osseous tissue is:

bony tissue

Characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue.

branched cells, uninucleated, striated

The four types of tissue are composed of which two major components?

cells and matrix

Cells that produce cartilage matrix are called _____. Once they become surrounded by matrix and trapped in lacunae, they become a cell type called _____.

chondroblasts; chondrocytes

A cartilage cell that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix is called a:

chondrocyte

The gland shown in the figure is an example of a _____ gland.

compound

Of the four classes of tissue, ______ tissues are the most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues.

connective

Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for ______ tissue.

connective

An epithelial cell that is roughly shaped like a cube, with the height and width about equal, is refereed to as being _____ in shape.

cuboidal

Cells that have a square or round shape, such as those indicated in the image, are classified as ______ cells.

cuboidal

Skin is an example of a _______ membrane

cutaneous

Three main types of body membranes

cutaneous, mucous, serous

A noncontinuous patch-like area that mechanically links two cells together via plaques and J-shaped proteins is a _____.

desmosome

The intercellular junctions shown within the circles (c) are:

desmosomes

Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?

elongated fiber (cells) that are specialized to contract

Ectoderm gives rise to the _____.

epidermis

The tissue type found at surfaces, composed of one or more layers of closely adhering cells and forming the coverings and linings of many organs is _____ tissue.

epithelial

The most abundant type of formed elements in the blood are ______.

erythrocytes

Indicate three alternative names for ground substance.

extracellular fluid (ECF), interstitial fluid, tissue fluid

One skeletal muscle cell is defined as a muscle ____.

fiber

Identify organs lined with simple columnar epithelium

gall bladder, intestines, stomach, uterus, and uterine tubes

The intercellular junction called a _____ allows the flow of ions between cells, transmitting electrical excitation from cell to cell.

gap junction

The intercellular junction shown within the circle (e) is a:

gap junction

The clear gel portion of the connective tissue matrix that contains water, gases, minerals, nutrients, wastes, and other materials is called the ______ ______.

ground substance

Identify the tissue shown in figure.

hyaline cartilage

A small space in tissue such as bone or cartilage that contains chondrocytes or osteocytes is called a(n) _____.

lacuna

Two locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found.

lines most kidney tubules, forms the glandular epithelium

The two broad categories of fibrous connective tissue, based on the relative abundance of fibers, are _____ and ______ tissue.

loose connective and dense connective

Glands classified as ______ sweat glands release their secretion by exocytosis, and their primary function is to cool the body.

merocrine

The middle layer of the embryonic germ layers is the ______.

mesoderm

Roles of connective tissue in body.

movement of body, lend support, bind organs

The epithelial membranes that line the inside surfaces of the respiratory and digestive tracts are specific examples ______ membranes,

mucous

Wineglass-shaped goblet cells, found with some nonsecretory epithelia, produce _____.

mucus

Among other tissues, mesenchyme gives rise to ______, _______, and ______.

muscle, bone, and blood

Exerting physical force on other tissues and organs is the function of _____ tissue.

musuclar

A skeletal muscle cell is also called a _____.

myocyte/myofibers/muscle fibers

Communication within the body using electrical and chemical signals is the function of _____ tissue.

nervous

Name the tissue types that are described as excitable tissues because they are able to respond to outside stimuli by changing their membrane potential.

nervous & muscular

Ectoderm gives rise to the the_____.

nervous system, epidermis

The type of cell indicated in the image is a ________.

neuron

The tissue section mad eby cutting at a slant is called a(n) _____ section.

oblique

An ______ is a mature bone cell formed when an osteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacuna.

osteocyte

A bone as a whole is covered with a tough fibrous layer called a(n) ______.

periosteum

A ______ is a formed element of the blood involved in clotting and other mechanisms for minimizing blood loss.

platelet

List the names of formed elements of blood.

platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes

Blood plasma is best defined as the liquid ______.

portion of blood

The specific type of epithelial tissue that has tall columnar cells reaching the free surface and shorter basal cells that do not reach the surface; however, all cells are resting on basement membrane, creating a false appearance of stratification is _______ columnar epithelium.

pseudostratified

The tissue layer indicated is ______ epithelium.

pseudostratified columnar

An erythrocyte is a _____ blood cell.

red

List two ways that tissue can be repaired.

regeneration, fibrosis

Cartilage is best described as a:

relatively stiff connective tissue with a rubbery matrix

Indicate two locations that are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

respiratory tract from the nasal cavity to the bronchi, parts of the male urethra

The abdominal cavity is lined with a type of membrane that is classified as a _____ membrane.

serous

Based on the number of cell layers, the type of epithelium highlighted in the image is _______ epithelium.

simple

The epithelium consisting of ONE layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane, but appear to be arranged in layers, is _______ epithelium

simple

Osseous (bone) tissue can be of two types:

spongy and compact

A cellular shape that is flat and scaly is called:

squamous

The epithelial cell SHAPE indicated in the image is _____.

squamous

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue.

striated, long threadlike cells, multinucleated

The type of cell junction that holds cells together and seals off the space between adjacent cells making it difficult for substances to pass between cells is a ____ junction.

tight

A group of similar cells and extracellular materials that performs some discrete function within an organ describes a(n) ______.

tissue

The primary function of blood is to ______.

transport cells, nutrients, gases and dissolved matter through the body

Characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.

uninucleated, fusiform, nonstriated