Chapter 5 Quiz

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is _______________.

15-20 seconds or less.

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as ____________.

echoic memory

Which of the following is not a stage in the information processing model of memory?

episodic memory

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.

Research suggests that the capacity of short-term memory is _____________.

somewhat small, holding only about seven items at one time.

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if

one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop.

Given what we know about the operation of the phonological loop, which of the following word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds? a. SAY, BET, PIN, COW, RUG b. BIP, TEK, LIN, MOD, REY c. MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP d. PIG, DOG, RAT, FOX, HEN

c

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ___________, but later research showed that it was actually due to ___________.

decay; lack of rehearsal

Funahashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. These neurons showed the most intense firing during ____________.

delay

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the brain's ___________can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.

prefrontal cortex

The research by Ericsson and colleagues (1980) examined the ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found that this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these strings of numbers. The significance of this finding was that ______________.

expertise with some material reduces susceptibility to proactive interference with that material.

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that ______________.

information in sensory memory fades within one or two seconds.

A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ___________ memory.

short-term

Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of _____________.

short-term memory

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

the visuospatial sketch pad